ANALISIS FREKUENSI MIKRONUKLEUS PADA SEL EPITEL MUKOSA BUKAL PEKERJA DRY CLEANING DI YOGYAKARTA

NOVI ATMANIA DHARMAPUTRI, Prof. Dr. drg. Regina TC. Tandelilin, M.Sc

2014 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER GIGI

Cairan dry cleaning yang sering digunakan diantaranya perchloroethylene diketahui memiliki potensi sifat genotoksik. Zat genotoksik dapat menyebabkan kerusakan DNA sehingga memicu terbentuknya mikronukleus yang merupakan salah satu indikator kerusakan DNA pada manusia. Pemeriksaan mikronukleus pada sel epitel mukosa bukal rongga mulut merupakan metode uji yang noninvasive dan sederhana untuk melihat frekuensi mikronukleus. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek paparan serta durasi waktu paparan perchloroethylene terhadap peningkatan frekuensi mikronukleus pada sel epitel mukosa bukal rongga mulut pekerja dry cleaning di Yogyakarta. Penelitian cross sectional ini melibatkan 12 subjek dan 12 kontrol. Subjek adalah laki-laki pekerja dry cleaning yang terpapar perchloroethylene, sedangkan kontrol adalah laki-laki bukan pekerja dry cleaning yang tidak terpapar perchloroethylene. Sel epitel diambil dengan menggunakan cytobrush pada mukosa bukal rongga mulut dan diapuskan pada gelas objek yang telah dibasahi dengan NaCl 0,09% serta difiksasi dengan metanol-asetat. Spesimen dicat menggunakan metode modifikasi Feulgen-Rossenbeck. Frekuensi mikronukleus dihitung per 1000 sel menggunakan mikroskop cahaya kemudian dianalisis dengan uji t independen dan uji korelasi pearson pada p<0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan frekuensi mikronukleus secara bermakna antara kelompok pekerja dry cleaning dan kelompok kontrol namun durasi waktu paparan tidak berkorelasi dengan peningkatan frekuensi mikronukleus pada kelompok pekerja dry cleaning. Kesimpulan studi ini menunjukkan paparan perchloroethylene mempengaruhi terjadinya peningkatan frekuensi mikronukleus pada sel epitel mukosa bukal rongga mulut pekerja dry cleaning di Yogyakarta. Durasi waktu paparan perchloroethylene tidak berkorelasi dengan peningkatan frekuensi mikronukleus pada sel epitel mukosa bukal rongga mulut pada pekerja dry cleaning di Yogyakarta.

Dry cleaning solvent which is commonly used such as perchloroethylene was detected having potential of genotoxic effects. Genotoxic effects of substances can cause DNA damage that affects in the formation of micronucleus which could serve as indicator of DNA damage in human. Evaluation of micronucleus in buccal mucosal epithelial cells is a non-invasive and simple method to examine micronucleus frequencies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the exposure effect and duration of exposure effect of perchloroethylene in the increase of micronucleus frequencies in buccal mucosal epithelial cells of dry cleaning workers in Yogyakarta. This cross sectional study involved 12 subjects and 12 controls. The subjects were male dry cleaning workers who were exposed to perchloroethylene, while controls were healthy male students who were not exposed to perchloroethylene. Buccal mucosal epithelial cells were taken using cytobrush and smeared on object glass containing droplets of NaCl 0.09% solution and then fixed in methanolacetate. The specimens were stained using modified Feulgen-Rossenbeck method. Micronucleus frequencies were scored per 1000 cells under light microscope. The data then analyzed by independent t test and pearson correlation test on p<0,05 significances. The results showed that there was significant difference in micronucleus frequencies between group of dry cleaning workers and the control group however duration of exposure time did not correlate with the increase of micronucleus frequencies in the group of dry cleaning workers. This study concluded that exposure of perchloroethylene indicates affects increase of micronucleus frequencies in buccal mucosal epithelial cells of dry cleaning workers in Yogyakarta. Duration of exposure time of perchloroethylene did not correlate with the increase of micronucleus frequencies in buccal mucosal epithelial cells of dry cleaning workers in Yogyakarta.

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