HUBUNGAN DEFISIENSI KADAR ZINC TERHADAP MEMORI PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH

SETIANINGSIH, Prof.dr.Djaswadi D, SpOG(K), MPH, PhD

2014 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Lebih dari dua milyar orang diperkirakan akan kekurangan vitamin dan mineral penting, khususnya vitamin A, yodium, zat besi (Fe) dan zinc (Zn). Riset suplementasi zinc menunjukkan dampak positif terhadap pertumbuhan anak, morbiditas dan mortalitas pada diare dan pnuemonia. Zinc berperan penting dalam struktur dan fungsi otak, sehingga defisiensi zinc juga dapat membahayakan perilaku dalam perkembangan fungsi kognitif, yaitu atensi dan memori. Estimated risk anak defisiensi zinc diasumsikan dengan anak stunting mengindikasikan kegagalan pertumbuhan. Estimated risk defisiensi zinc di Indonesia dikategorikan tinggi, proporsi stunting yaitu 47,3. Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh defisiensi zinc terhadap memori pada anak usia sekolah di Kabupaten Klaten. Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian diskripsi analitik dengan pendekatan kuantitatif menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Penelitian dilaksanakan di beberapa Sekolah Dasar (SD) di wilayah Kabupaten Klaten. Populasi penelitian semua anak SD usia 9-12 tahun, sampel penelitian sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Teknik pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling dengan mewakili SD dari desa dan kota. Penetapan besar sampel dengan software PASS dan besar sampel 60. Analisa data menggunakan univariabel, bivariabel dan multivariabel dengan uji statistik t test dan regresi linear dengan interval kepercayaan 95%. Hasil: Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara defisiensi kadar zinc terhadap memori jangka pendek (p<0,005, 95% CI). Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara defisiensi kadar zinc terhadap memori jangka panjang (p>0,005, 95% CI). Kadar hemoglobin dan status sosial ekonomi mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna terhadap memori jangka pendek. Kadar hemoglobine, status sosial ekonomi dan status gizi tidak mempunyi hubungan yang signifikan terhadap memori jangka panjang. Kesimpulan: Nilai rata-rata skore memori jangka pendek pada kelompok defisiensi zinc lebih rendah dibandingkan skore memori jangka pendek pada kelompok kadar zinc normal. Nilai rata-rata skore memori jangka panjang pada kelompok defisiensi zinc sama dengan kelompok kadar zinc normal.

Background: More than two billion people are expected to lack essential vitamins and minerals, especially vitamin A, iodine, iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). Research showed the positive effect of zinc supplementation on children's growth, morbidity and mortality in diarrhea and pneumonia. Zinc plays an important role in the structure and function of the brain, so that zinc deficiency can also harm behavior in the development of cognitive functions, namely attention and memory. Objective: To determine the effect of zinc deficiency on memory in school-age children in the district of Klaten. Method: The study used was description of analytic with quantitative approach using cross-sectional design. The experiment was conducted in some primary schools (SD) in the district of Klaten. The study population was all primary school children aged 9-12 years which the sample accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sampling technique was done by purposive sampling to represent SD of villages and towns. The determination of the samples by PASS software and the number of sample was 60. Data analysis used univariable, bivariable and multivariable by statistical test t-test and linear regression with 95% confidence intervals. Results: The analysis showed that children with zinc deficiency has the average value of 6.1 short -term memory with SD 1.3, whereas children with normal zinc levels had the average value of 10.7 and SD 3.1. The mean difference of -4.6 with 95 % CI (-6.98 - (-2.14) and a value of p = 0.0004 or p < 0.05. Children with zinc deficiency the average value of long-term memory were 7.8 with SD 3.0, whereas children with normal zinc levels the average value was 8.4 and SD 3.2. The difference of the mean was -0.57 with 95 % CI (-3.16 - 2.01) and a value of p = 0.658 or p > 0,05. Conclusion: The average scores value of short-term memory in children with zinc deficiency was lower than the short-term memory scores in children with normal zinc levels. The average scores value of long-term memory in children with zinc deficiency equal to the children with normal zinc levels.

Kata Kunci : defisiensi zinc, memori jangka pendek, memori jangka panjang, anak usia sekolah