Peran Lembaga Adat Dalam Membina Moral Generasi Muda Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Ketahanan Sosial Budaya (Studi Adat Tigo Luhah Tanah Sekudung Kec. Siulak Kab. Kerinci Propinsi Jambi)

JULIZAR.M, Prof. Dr. Kodiran, MA.

2014 | Tesis | S2 Ketahanan Nasional

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran lembaga adat dalam membina moral generasi muda dan implikasi ajaran moral adat terhadap ketahanan sosial budaya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengamatan, wawancara dan pemeriksaan dokumen adat serta studi kepustakaan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan carapurposive sampling,yaitu informan ditentukan oleh peneliti untuk mendapatkan informasi yang dibutuhkan yaitu informan yang dinilai mengetahui, memahami dan mempunyai pengalaman berkaitan dengan penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa peran lembaga Adat Tigo Luhah Tanah SekudungSiulak dalam membina moral generasi muda telah mengalami penurunan dalam menjalankan fungsi adat dan belum terlaksana secara optimal. Pengaruh lembaga adat dalam masyarakat hanya ditunjukkan dengan melaksanakan upacaraupacara adat seperti kenduri sko (tradisi pemberian gelar adat) dan melaksanakan peran dalam penyelesaikan masalah-masalah sengketa harta warisan turun-temurun (harto pusako). Peran lembaga atau pemangku adat dalam membina generasi muda tidak berjalan optimal, hal ini disebabkan karena : (1) Pemangku adat masih banyak yang belum memahami aturan-aturan adat dan penerapannya dalam masayarakat, (2) Sarana dan prasarana seperti gedung adat sebagai wadah pusat kegiatan-kegiatan belum dimiliki. Aturan-aturan ada belum terkodifikasikan secara tertulis dalam bentuk sebuah buku adat(3) Lembaga adat belum menjalin kerjasama dengan lembaga pendidikan formal seperti sekolah- sekolah. (4) Pengaruh perkembangan zaman yaitu sebagian besar sudut pandang generasi muda telah terpengaruh era modern dan sering mengabaikan adat istiadat setempat.(5) Anggaran untuk mendukung terlaksananya kegiatan-kegiatan pembinaan generasi muda terbatas sehingga kegiatan adat tidak terlaksana dengan optimal. Implikasi dari kurangnya peran lembaga adat dalam membina moral generasi muda berpengaruh terhadap ketahanan sosial budaya. Beberapa dampak yang di timbulkan antara lain : (1) Terhadap kehidupan beragama, keterlibatan generasi muda dalam kegiatan keagamaan seperti pengajian dan kegiatan di masjid mulai berkurang. (2) Terhadap tradisi masyarakat, generasi muda kurang begitu menghargai adat dan tradisi. 3) Terhadap pendidikan di masyarakat, pendidikan informal seperti pertemuan adat, pendidikan keluarga, nilaiseni tradisi kurang mendapat perhatian generasi muda. (4) Terhadap integritas, identitas dan kepribadian bangsa serta generasi muda, peran lembaga adat yang mulai lemah yang dapat di lihat dari rendahnya integritas dan kepribadian generasi muda. (5) Terhadap kerukunan rasa aman dalam kehidupan masyarakat, keruknan hidup bermasyarakat sedikit banyak berpengaruh pada keamanan dan ketertiban hidup masyarakat.

This research aimed to find out the role of traditional inctitution in guding the moral of youth generation and the implications of traditional moral teaching towards socio culture resilience. Method used in this research was descriptive qualitative with the data collecting techniques used were observation, interview and traditional document checking as well as library study. Sample was taken through purposive sampling,in which informants were determined by the researcher to gain information needed. Informants are considered to know, understand and experience related to this research. The result of the research shows that the role of traditional institution Tigo Luhah Tanah Sekudung Siulak in guiding the moral of youth generation has degraded in performing the traditiona function and has not been done optimally. The influence of the traditional institution in the community is only shown by performing the traditional ceremonies like kenduri sko (tradition of ethnic title giving)) and performing the role in solving the inheritance dispute (harto pusako). The role of the institution or traditional leaders in guiding the young generation had not been done optimally. This was caused by: (1) there were ethnic leaders who have not understood the traditional rules and their implementations in the community (2) Facilities and infrastructuresuchasbuildingcustomcontaineractivitiescenterhas notheld. The rulesexistyetterkodifikasikanwrittenin the form ofacustombook. (3) The traditional institutionhas notpartneredwith thecustomaryformal educationalinstitutionssuch asschools. (4) the influence of age development, in which youth generation views had been mostly influenced by modern era and had ingnored the local traditional rules. (5) The budget forsupport the implementation ofactivitiescoachingyounger generationlimitedso thatactivities ofcustomarywas never realized with optimal. The implications of the lack of traditional institution in guiding the youth generation moral had influenced towards the socio culture resilience. Some impacts caused were : (1) towards the religious life, the involvement of young generation in religious activity has decreased, like in a Koran reading and less activities at mosques; (2) towards community tradition, the youth generation has less appreciation in ethnic and tradition; (3) towards education in the community, informal education like traditiona meeting, family education, traditional art, had achieved less attention from the youth generation; (4) towards integrity, national identity and youth generation, the role of traditional institution had degraded seeing from the low integrity and identity of youth generation; (5) towards the security harmony in the life of community, the harmonious life of the community had influenced the religious and the order of life in the community.

Kata Kunci : Lembaga Adat , Generasi Muda, Ketahanan Sosial Budaya, Traditional institution, youth generation, socio culture reselience