ANALISIS PRODUKSI, PENDAPATAN, KETAHANAN PANGAN DAN KEBERLANJUTAN USAHATANI PADI DI SEKITAR TAMBANG BATUBARA KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA

Erwan Wahyudi, Prof. Dr. Ir. Irham, MSc

2014 | Disertasi | S3 Ekonomi Pertanian

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi, pendapatan usahatani, ketahanan pangan rumahtangga tani, dampak perubahan kenaikan harga input dan harga output serta mengidentifikasikan keberlanjutan usahatani padi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara Provinsi Kalimantan Timur tepatnya di Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang yang ditentukan secara purposive sampling. Sampel petani dipilih dengan menggunakan proportional stratified random sampling sebanyak 100 responden. Analisis data menggunakan metode Two Stage Least Square (2 SLS). Berdasarkan hasil analisis produksi dipengaruhi secara positif oleh luas lahan, jumlah benih, jumlah pupuk urea, jumlah pupuk phonska, jumlah pestisida, jumlah tenaga kerja dan pendidikan petani, juga dipengaruhi secara negatif oleh umur petani dan keberadaan kawasan tambang batubara. Pendapatan usahatani dipengaruhi secara positif oleh luas lahan dan pendidikan petani, juga dipengaruhi secara negatif oleh harga benih, harga pupuk urea, harga pupuk phonska, harga pestisida, upah tenaga kerja luar keluarga, umur petani dan keberadaan kawasan tambang batubara. Ketahanan pangan rumahtangga tani dipengaruhi secara positif oleh pendapatan total rumahtangga dan pendidikan petani, juga dipengaruhi secara negatif oleh harga beras, harga gula, harga ikan, harga minyak goreng, harga sayur, umur petani, jumlah anggota keluarga dan keberadaan kawasan tambang batubara. Rata-rata potensi peluang peningkatan produksi di kawasan sekitar tambang 0,15 persen dan di kawasan luar tambang 14,46 persen. Simulasi kenaikan harga input sebelum penerapan efisiensi teknis produksi dapat menurunkan pendapatan usahatani dan ketahanan pangan rumahtangga tani, simulasi kenaikan harga input setelah penerapan efisiensi teknis produksi untuk di kawasan sekitar tambang dapat menurunkan pendapatan usahatani dan ketahanan pangan rumahtangga tani, sedangkan untuk di kawasan luar tambang dapat meningkatkan pendapatan usahatani dan ketahanan pangan rumahtangga tani. Simulasi kenaikan harga output dan simulasi kenaikan harga input serta harga output sebelum dan setelah penerapan efisiensi teknis produksi dapat meningkatkan pendapatan usahatani dan ketahanan pangan rumahtangga tani. Penerapan pertanian berkelanjutan berdasarkan dimensi ekologi, ekonomi, dan sosial di kawasan sekitar tambang batubara termasuk dalam kategori kurang berkelanjutan dan untuk kawasan luar tambang batubara cukup berkelanjutan

This study aims to analyze the factors that affect production, farm income, farm household food security, the impact of changes in input prices and the rise in output prices and identify the sustainability of rice farming. The experiment was conducted in Kutai Kartanegara of East Kalimantan province precisely in the District Tenggarong Seberang determined by purposive sampling. The sample farmers were selected using proportional stratified random sampling of 100 respondents. Analysis of the data using Two Stage Least Square (2 SLS). Based on the analysis of production was positively affected by land area, number of seeds, the amount of urea fertilizer, fertilizer Phonska amount, the amount of pesticides, the amount of labor and farmer education, also negatively affected by the age of the farmer and the presence of coal mining region. Farm income was positively affected by land area and the education of farmers, also negatively affected by the price of seeds, urea fertilizer prices, fertilizer prices Phonska, pesticide prices, wage labor outside the family, the age of the farmer and the presence of coal mining region. Farm household food security positively influenced by total household income and education of farmers, also negatively affected by the price of rice, the price of sugar, the price of fish, cooking oil, vegetable prices, farmers age, family size and the presence of coal mining region. Average potential opportunities to increase production in the area around the mine at 0.15 percent and 14.46 percent outside the mine area. Simulation input price increases prior to implementation of the technical efficiency of production may lower farm income and farm household food security, simulation input price increases after the application of the technical efficiency of production for the region around the mine can lower farm income and farm household food security, in the outer region of the mine to be able to increase farm income and farm household food security. Simulation rise in output prices and input prices as well as increase in simulation output prices before and after the application of the technical efficiency of production can increase farm income and farm household food security. Implementation of sustainable agriculture based on the dimensions of the ecological, economic, social and coal mines in the surrounding area are included in the category of less sustainable and to the outer regions of the coal mine is quite sustainable.

Kata Kunci : usahatani padi, produksi, pendapatan usahatani, ketahanan pangan rumahtangga tani, keberlanjutan usahatani padi.