AMELIORASI MEDIA TUMBUH TANAH PASIR BEKAS ERUPSI MERAPI DENGAN BERBAGAI JENIS BAHAN POT ORGANIK DAN APLIKASI RHIZOBIUM UNTUK PERTUMBUHAN SENGON

MAMIE ELSYANA PELLONDOU, Prof. Dr. Ir. Cahyono Agus Dwi Koranto, M.Agr.Sc.

2014 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Gunungapi Merapi merupakan salah satu gunung teraktif dan berbahaya di dunia. Letusan gunungapi Merapi pada tahun 2010 telah mengakibatkan kerusakan lingkungan dan kehidupan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memerbaiki lahan kritis akibat erupsi gunungapi Merapi tersebut melalui pemanfaatan berbagai jenis bahan pot organik dan aplikasi Rhizobium untuk pertumbuhan semai sengon telah dilaksanakan pada percobaan rumah kaca. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan perlakuan faktorial (2x3x3) disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama berupa pemberian inokulasi Rhizobium (2 level), faktor kedua berupa pemanfaatan pot organik berbahan dasar bahan organik (3 level; ayam, sapi, seresah), dan faktor ketiga berupa dosis bahan organik (3 level; ayam, sapi, seresah). Data hasil analisis tanah berupa pH H2O, potensial redoks, DHL, pH KCl, N total, N tersedia dan C organik serta pertumbuhan tanaman berupa kebutuhan air pada kapasitas lapangan, tinggi, diameter, berat segar dan berat kering tajuk-akar serta bintil akar dianalisis sidik ragam (analysis of variance) dan Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) untuk perlakuan yang berbeda nyata dengan tingkat signifikan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pot berbahan dasar bahan organik meningkatkan pH H2O, pH KCl, DHL dan kebutuhan air pada kapasitas lapangan secara signifikan sehingga berdampak pada pertumbuhan tinggi dan diameter semai sengon. Perlakuan dosis bahan organik memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap potensial redoks, DHL, C organik, dan tinggi semai sengon. Inokulasi Rhizobium, pot berbahan dasar bahan organik serta dosis bahan organik belum memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan pada N total, N tersedia, pertumbuhan diameter semai serta biomassa semai sengon. Penggunaan pot berbahan dasar bahan organik ayam dan pupuk organik dosis 5% telah meningkatkan pertumbuhan semai sengon paling baik. Inokulasi Rhizobium yang dilakukan pada semai sengon di tanah pasir gunungapi Merapi belum efektif menghasilkan bintil akar pada media tanam dengan berbagai jenis bahan pot organik.

Merapi volcano is one of the most active and dangerous mountain in the world. Merapi volcano eruption in 2010 has resulted in damage to the environment and life. Aims of this research were to improve degraded land due to the eruption of the Merapi volcano through the use of various types of organic pot materials and applications of Rhizobium for growing sengon seedling has been implemented in a greenhouse experiment. The research method was the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatment factor which three replications (2x3x3). The first factor is the provision of Rhizobium inoculation (2 levels), the second factor in the form of utilization of organic pot from organic materials chickens, cows and litter (3 levels), and the third factor in the form of organic material dosage chickens, cows and litter (3 levels) in accordance with the organic pot. The analysis data of soil such as pH H2O, redox potential, DHL, pH KCl, N total and C organic and plant growth in water demand of field capacity, height, diameter, fresh weight and dry weight of root and crown-root nodules were analyzed by multiformity investigation (analysis of variance) and if the result showed significant differences using then Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at significant levels of 5%. The result show that organic pot from organic materials increase significantly at pH H2O, pH KCl, DHL and water demand of field capacity that impact on the growth of height and diameter sengon seedlings. The treatment of organic materials dosage have a significant influence on the content of redox potential, DHL, C organic, and height sengon seedlings. Rhizobium inoculation, organic pot from organic materials and organic materials dose not have a significant effect on N total, available N, the diameter growth of seedlings and seedling biomass sengon. The use of organic pot from organic materials chicken with a dose of 5 % have a significant influence on the growth of sengon seedlings. Rhizobium inoculation were performed on sengon seedlings in sandy soil Merapi volcano has not effectively produce root nodules in growing media with various types of organic pot materials.

Kata Kunci : bahan organik, pot organik, Rhizobium, sengon, tanah pasir.