PENILAIAN KERUSAKAN DAN KEHILANGAN LAHAN KOPI PASCAERUPSI GUNUNGAPI MERAPI 2010

DINAR APRIYANTO, Prof. Dr. Sunarto, M.S.

2014 | Tesis | S2 Geo-Informasi untuk Manajemen Bencana

Erupsi Merapi 2010 memiliki dampak yang cukup besar untuk daerah sekitar lereng Merapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kerusakan dan kehilangan lahan kopi sebagai salah satu komoditas unggulan daerah Merapi yang turut terkena dampak erupsi Merapi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di tiga dusun yaitu Jambu, Petung dan Gading, sebagai daerah utama penghasil kopi di Cangkringan, Kabupaten Sleman. Lahan kopi yang ada pada daerah penelitian merupakan daerah yang berada pada wilayah yang terkena aliran awan panas (piroklastik), abu vulkanik dan juga aliran lahar. Kerusakan berat akibat awan panas paling banyak diderita oleh daerah Dusun Jambu dan Petung. Kerusakan lahan kopi akibat abu vulkanik hampir merata di tiga dusun di daerah penelitian, meskipun tidak menyebabkan kematian tanaman kopi, abu vulkanik juga berdampak pada menurunnya produksi tanaman kopi. Dampak erupsi Merapi 2010 setidaknya sempat menghentikan 90 % kegiatan pertanian kopi. Karakteristik tingkat kerusakan tanaman kopi pascaerupsi Merapi 2010 pada daerah penelitian berdasarkan penilaian kerusakan dan kehilangan. Penilaian kerusakan dan kehilangan menggunakan metode DaLA (Damage and Loss Assesment). Variasi nilai kerusakan di daerah penelitian berkisar antara Rp 96.000,00 hingga Rp 9.600.000,00. Kerusakan paling banyak disebabkan oleh aliran awan panas pada daerah penelitian. Variasi nilai kehilangan di daerah penelitian berkisar antara Rp 37.500,00 hingga Rp 3.500.000,00. Kehilangan disebabkan oleh pengaruh aliran awan panas dan lahar.

The 2010 Merapi eruption has brought a quite significant effect upon the regions surrounding Merapi slopes. This study is aimed to estimate the damage and lost of coffee plantations as one of the superior commodities in Merapi region which was affected by Merapi eruption. This study was conducted in three villages; they were Jambu, Petung and Gading, which were the main coffee producers in Cangkringan, Sleman regency. The coffee plantations in the research setting were regions that are located in the area affected by pyroclastic flows, volcanic ash, and also lahar flows. The coffee plantations affected by pyroclastic flows generally underwent total damage due to the burning of crop that caused the crop to die. The serious damage caused by pyroclastic flows was greatly suffered by Jambu and Petung villages. The damage of coffee plantations caused by volcanic ash occurred almost evenly in the three villages of the research setting, although it did not cause the coffee plants to die, the volcanic ash also resulted in the decrease of coffee plants production. The coffee plantations damage brought by lahar flows caused a great damage in almost three villages of the research setting.The effect of 2010 Merapi eruption had at least stopped 90% of the coffee farming activities. The characteristics of the damage level of coffee plants after the 2010 Merapi eruption in the research setting that were based on the damage and lost estimation were as follows. The damage and lost estimation using DaLA method developed by ECLAC showed that the lost value variation ranged from 96,000.00 rupiahs to 9,600,000.00 rupiahs. The damage in the research setting was mostly caused by pyroclastic flows. The lost value variation in the research setting ranged from 37,500.00 rupiahs to 3,500,000.00 rupiahs. The lost due to pyroclastic flows and lahar.

Kata Kunci : Penilaian kerusakan, kehilangan, lahan kopi