ANALISIS TOLERANSI BEBERAPA VARIETAS PADI GOGO PADA CEKAMAN KEKERINGAN

JEKI, Prof. Dr. Ir. Prapto Yudono, MS

2014 | Tesis | S2 Agronomi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Mengetahui Varietas Padi gogo yang toleran pada cekaman kekeringan, mengetahui kadar lengas tanah yang optimal bagi pertumbuhan dan produktivitas Padi gogo. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Dusun Bendosari Desa Madurejo Kabupaten Sleman, Laboratorium Ilmu Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian UGM, Laboratorium Manajemen Pertanaman Fakultas Pertanian UGM pada bulan Januari - Mei 2013. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL), terdiri dari 2 faktor yaitu Varietas dan Interval Penyiraman (1,2,4 dan 6 hari sekali). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan interaksi antara varietas padi gogo dan pemberian air terhadap Luas daun umur 12 mst, Nisbah Luas Daun umur 9 mst, Nisbah Luas Daun umur 12 mst, Laju Asimilasi Bersih, Berat Daun Khas umur 9 mst, Berat Daun Khas umur 12 mst, Berat Seratus Biji, Berat Biji Tanaman, dan Indeks Panen. Pengaruh Pemberian Air atau Peningkatan Cekaman menyebabkan penurunan pada Panjang Akar umur 12 mst, Luas Permukaan Akar umur 9 mst, Luas Permukaan Akar umur 12 mst, Lebar Bukaan Stomata, Panjang Bukaan Stomata, Laju Transpirasi, Kandungan Klorofil b, Nisbah Luas Daun umur 12 mst, Laju Pertumbuhan Nisbi, Tinggi Tanaman, Berat Kering umur 9 mst, Berat Kering 12 mst, Berat Seratus Biji, dan Berat Biji Tanaman. Namun terjadi peningkatan pada kadar Prolin, Laju Asimilasi Bersih, Berat Daun Khas umur 9 mst, dan Berat Daun Khas umur 12 mst. Pengaruh varietas menunjukkan bahwa varietas Inpago 4 memiliki Panjang Akar, Nisbah Akar Tajuk, Luas Permukaan Akar, Luas Daun, Berat Kering, Tinggi Tanaman, Berat Seratus Biji, dan Indeks Panen tertinggi. Namun memiliki Berat Daun Khas, Nisbah Luas Daun, Laju Transpirasi, Lebar Bukaan Stomata, Panjang Bukaan Stomata, Kandungan Prolin terendah. Varietas padi gogo yang toleran pada cekaman kekeringan adalah varietas situ bagendit dan inpago 4. Varietas padi gogo yang tidak toleran pada cekaman kekeringan adalah varietas inpago 6 dan inpago 5. Kadar lengas tanah pada 65,25% sampai 75,91 % kapasitas lapangan merupakan kadar lengas tanah yang optimal bagi varietas padi gogo. Kadar lengas tanah pada 55,92 % kapasitas lapangan dan/atau lebih rendah dari 55,92 % kapasitas lapangan dapat menyebabkan defisiensi air bagi varietas padi gogo.

This study aims to Know upland rice varieties that are tolerant to drought stress , determine soil moisture levels are optimal for the growth and productivity of upland rice . The experiment was conducted in the hamlet of Bendosari, Regency of Sleman, Laboratory of Crop Science Faculty of Agriculture , Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture Planting Management in January-May 2013. The design used was Randomized Complete Design, consists of two factors: Varieties and Watering Interval ( 1,2,4 and 6 days ) . The results showed an interaction between varieties of upland rice and water supply to leaf area of 12 week after sowing, leaf area ratio of 9 week after sowing, Leaf area ratio of 12 week after sowing, net assimilation rate , specific leaf weight of 9 week after sowing, specific leaf weight of 12 week after sowing, weight of a hundred seeds , plant seed weight and harvest index. Effect of Water or Increased stress causes a decrease in root length of 12 week after sowing, root surface of 9 week after sowing, surface root of 12 week after sowing, stomatal width aperture , stomatal length aperture , transpiration rate , content of chlorophyll b , leaf area ratio of 12 week after sowing, relative growth rate , plant height , plant dry weight of 9 week after sowing, plant dry weight 12 week after sowing, weight of a hundred seeds , and plant seeds weight. but, increased of proline , net assimilation rate , leaf weight of 9 week after sowing, and specific Leaf Weight of 12 week after sowing. Effect of varieties showed that the varieties Inpago 4 has longest root , root shot ratio, surface root , leaf area , dry weight , plant height , weight of a hundred seeds , and the highest harvest index . But, it had lowest of specific Leaf weight ,lowest of leaf area ratio , lowest of rate of transpiration ,lowest stomatal width aperture ,lowest of stomatal length aperture , and lowest proline content . situ bagendit and inpago 4 is the drought tolerant varieties of upland rice . Inpago 6 and inpago 5 is the drought intolerant varieties of upland rice. Levels of soil moisture at 65,25% to 75.91% field capacity soil moisture levels are optimal for upland rice varieties. 55.92% field capacity soil moisture content or lower than 55.92% field capacity could influence water deficiency to upland rice.

Kata Kunci : Padi Gogo, pemberian air, cekaman kekeringan, ketahanandanpertumbuhan