PENGARUH LAMA PERENDAMAN TERHADAP PELEPASAN ION NIKEL DAN KROMIUM KAWAT AUSTRALIA TIPE REGULAR, SPESIAL, SERTA PREMIUM DALAM SALIVA BUATAN pH NORMAL

Agus Suprapto, Drg. Christnawati, M.Kes., Sp.Ort (K)

2014 | Tesis | S2 Ortodonsia

Perawatan ortodontik cekat teknik Begg menggunakan kawat Australia sebagai kawat busur. Kawat Australia merupakan kawat stainless steel yang memiliki beberapa tipe antara lain: regular, spesial, dan premium. Kawat stainless steel dapat terjadi pelepasan ion logam jika direndam dalam saliva buatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pelepasan ion nikel dan kromium antara lama perendaman, dan tipe kawat Australia setelah direndam dalam saliva buatan pH normal. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 30 potong kawat Australia tipe regular, spesial, dan premium dengan berat tiap potong kawat 0,130 gram. Perendaman dilakukan dalam saliva buatan pH normal selama 1, 7, 14, 28, 35, dan 42 hari. Pemeriksaan saliva hasil perendaman dilakukan dengan metode Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan pelepasan ion nikel kawat Australia pada lama perendaman 28, 35, dan 42 hari, tipe kawat, dan interaksi lama perendaman dengan tipe kawat. Pelepasan ion kromium kawat Australia tipe regular, spesial, dan premium tidak dapat diamati sampai perendaman hari ke-42. Kesimpulan: Pelepasan ion nikel kawat Australia berbeda pada lama perendaman 28, 35, dan 42 hari. Pelepasan ion nikel kawat Australia berbeda antara tipe regular, spesial, dan premium. Kawat Australia tipe spesial pada tiap lama perendaman melepaskan ion nikel paling besar dibandingkan dengan tipe premium dan regular. Pelepasan ion kromium tidak dapat diamati sampai perendaman hari ke-42.

The Australian wire was used in fixed orthodontic treatment with Begg technique as arch wire.This wire was basically a stainless steel had several grade: regular, special and premium. Immersion of stainless steel in artificial saliva was trigger to release of metal ion. The purpose of this study was to observe the difference of ionic nickel and chromium released between the length of immersion period and the wire grade after immersion in artificial saliva of normal pH. Thirty pieces of Australian wire with regular, special, and premium grades were used in this study, with each piece of wire had 0,130 gram of weight. Wire immersion in artificial saliva with normal pH was carried out for 1, 7, 14, 28, 35, and 42 days. The nickel and chromium ion release were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The Data of measurements were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test. The result showed a significant difference of nickel ion release were in days of 28, 35 and 42 immersion time, Australian wire grades and interaction immersion time with Australian wire grades. Chromium ion released could not be observed until the 42nd day of immersion. Conclusion: Nickel ion release of Australian wire were different in days of 28, 35 and 42 immersion time, Australian wire grades, and interaction immersion time with Australian wire grades. The ionic nickel was highly released from the special grade Australian wire compared with regular and premium grades on every immersion period. Chromium ion released could not be observed until the 42nd day of immersion.

Kata Kunci : kawat Australia, lama perendaman, ion nikel dan kromium, saliva buatan pH normal.