BUDAYA KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA DALAM IMPLEMENTASI KESELAMATAN PASIEN (STUDI KASUS PADA RUMAH SAKIT X DI KOTA BATAM)

NENDEN SITI KOMARIAH, Prof. Dr. dr. Adi Heru Sutomo, M.Sc.

2014 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Kerja

Latar belakang: Keselamatan telah menjadi isu penting di rumah sakit, karena dampak kegiatan di rumah sakit berpotensi menimbulkan bahaya penyakit dan kecelakaan bagi karyawan, pasien, pengunjung dan masyarakat di lingkungan rumah sakit. Terkait hal ini Rumah Sakit X telah mengantisipasinya dengan membentuk tim Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) maupun tim keselamatan pasien. Harapannya seluruh karyawan dan pasien selamat dan sehat terhindar dari potensi bahaya kerja di rumah sakit. Namun tim K3 yang dibentuk pada awal tahun 2012, belum secara optimal mengelola K3 dan menanamkan sikap dan perilaku kerja sesuai aturan K3 kepada seluruh karyawan Rumah Sakit X. Sikap dan perilaku kerja yang berpedoman pada nilai-nilai K3 sangat dibutuhkan di rumah sakit, mengingat keseluruhan proses pelayanan yang diberikan rumah sakit menyangkut keselamatan orang lain, dalam hal ini keselamatan pasien. Sementara sikap dan perilaku seseorang kaitannya erat dengan dari nilai-nilai sebuah budaya. Tujuan penelitian ini: mengetahui budaya keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja dalam implementasi keselamatan pasien, mengetahui implementasi keselamatan pasien terkait budaya keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja Rumah Sakit X di Kota Batam. Metode penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan rancangan studi kasus. Subjek penelitian diambil secara purposive sampling, berjumlah 27 orang. Instrumen penelitian melakukan wawancara mendalam, menggunakan panduan pedoman wawancara elemen budaya keselamatan. Observasi langsung dan telaan dokumen untuk mendukung data wawancara. Hasil Penelitian: Sebagian dari aspek dalam elemen budaya keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja, yang terdiri dari kepedulian, pengetahuan dan kompetensi, komitmen, motivasi, supervisi, tanggung jawab dan komunikasi belum terpenuhi secara optimal. Implementasi keselamatan pasien di Rumah Sakit X belum berjalan secara optimal. Kesimpulan: Pengetahuan dan komitmen manajemen terhadap budaya K3 telah disadari dan diupayakan, namun pelaksanaannya belum dilaksanakan secara optimal, berdampak pada belum optimalnya implemetasi keselamatan pasien. Hal ini disebabkan pemenuhan sebagian aspek-aspek elemen budaya K3 belum terpenuhi secara optimal. Upaya optimalisasi telah dilakukan dan terus ditingkatkan oleh Rumah Sakit X.

Background: Safety has been a crucial issue in the hospital since the activities conducted in the hospital has a potential to result in diseases and accidents toward the employees, patients, visitors, community surrounding the hospital. In regard with this matter X Hospital has anticipated it by establishing the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) team and patient safety team with the expectation that all staff and patients are safe and healthy protected from the potential of occupational dangers in the hospital. However, the OHS team which was established in 2012 has not yet optimally managed the K3 and internalized the work attitude and behavior referring to the principles of OHS to all staff of the X Hospital. The work attitude and behavior subject to the principles of OHS are required in the hospital considering that the overall service process provided by hospital is related to people’s safety, in this case is the patients. Meanwhile, an individual’s attitude and behavior are closely related to his/her cultural values. The objective of this research is to find out the occupational health and safety culture in the implementation of the patient safety and the implementation of the patient safety related to the occupational health and safety culture at X Hospital in Batam City. Method: This research is a qualitative study employing case study design. The 27 research subjects were selected using purposive sampling method. The research instruments used were in-depth interview using the guidelines for the interview on the safety culture elements, direct observation, and document review to support the interview data. Result: Some of the aspects in the cultural elements of occupational work and safety consisting of care, knowledge and competency, commitment, motivation, supervision, responsibility, and communication have not been optimally fulfilled. The implementation of patient safety at X Hospital has not yet been optimal. Conclusion: The knowledge and management commitment to OHS culture has already been realized and worked out; however, the implementation is not yet optimal resulting in the implementation of the patient safety which is also not yet optimal. This problem is rooted from the fulfillment of the aspects of OHS culture elements which is not optimal yet. The optimization attempts have been conducted, and the improvement is continuously carried out by X Hospital.

Kata Kunci : Budaya Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3), Implementasi Keselamatan Pasien, Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Culture, Patient Safety Implementation