MOSQUITOCIDAL ACTIVITY OF CITRONELLA (Cymbopogon nardus) ESSENTIAL OIL AGAINST Aedes aegypti

FARIS NUGRAHA PUTRA, dr. Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto, M.Sc.

2014 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER

Latar Belakang: Resistensi pestisida telah meningkat pada populasi Aedes aegypti, vektor demam berdarah, di berbagai negara khususnya di Indonesia. Minyak atsiri Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle, yang dikenal sebagai minyak serai wangi, diduga memiliki khasiat daya bunuh nyamuk. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui kemampuan daya bunuh nyamuk dari 10%, 20%, 40%, dan 80% minyak C. nardus menggunakan alat antinyamuk elektrik cair terhadap Ae. aegypti. Metode: Subyek dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok perlakuan, kelompok 0%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 80%-C. nardus, dan prallethrin 13,16 g/l (control positive). Uji pemaparan dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat antinyamuk elektrik cair dalam kurun waktu 60 menit untuk menghitung Knockdown (KD) nyamuk. Pengamatan pasca 24 jampemaparan dilakukan untuk menghitung kematian nyamuk. Data di analisis dengan menggunakan ANOVA, p < 0,05. Hasil: Knockdown pada menit 40, 50, dan 60 dari pemaparan, secara berurutan, F(5,12) = 14,638, p = 0,0001, F(5,12) = 20,133, p = 0,0001, F(5,12) = 146,576, p = 0,0001. Pada Kematian nyamuk F(5,12) = 65,220, p = 0,0001. Pada 40 menit pertama, terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna 80% C. nardus dibandingkan dengan kelompok uji lain. Kesimpulan: Minyak C. nardus memiliki potensi sebagai adultisida dan Konsentrasi 80% minyak C. nardus menunjukkan daya bunuh nyamuk tertinggi, menggunakan alat antinyamuk elektrik cair terhadap Ae. aegypti.

Background: Resistance of pesticide has increased in population of Aedes aegypti, dengue and yellow fever vector, across countries especially in Indonesia. Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle essential oil, known as Citronella oil, is considered to have mosquitocidal efficacy. Objective: To know the adulticidal ability of 10%, 20%, 40%, and 80% C. nardus oil using electric liquid vaporizer device against Ae. aegypti. Methods: Subjects were divided into 6 group of treatments; 0%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 80%-C. nardus, and prallethrin 13,16 g/l (control positive) groups. Trials of exposure were done using electric liquid vaporizer device in 60 minutes to count mosquito Knockdown (KD). Observation post 24 hours-exposure was done to count the mortality. Data was analyzed using ANOVA, p < 0,05. Results: Knockdown in 40, 50, and 60 minutes of exposure, F(5,12) = 14,638, p = 0,0001; F(5,12) = 20,133, p = 0,0001; F(5,12) = 146,576, p = 0,0001, respectively. The mortality F(5,12) = 65,220, p = 0,0001. In first 40 minutes, there were significant differences in 80% C. nardus compared to other groups. Conclusion: C. nardus oil have potency as adulticide and 80% concentration of C. nardus oil showed the most adulticidal potency, using electric liquid vaporizer against Ae. aegypti.

Kata Kunci : Aedes aegypti, antinyamuk elektrik cair, Cymbopogon nardus, minyak serai wangi.