Hubungan antara Pengetahuan Caregiver Mengenai Skizofrenia dengan Tingkat Keteraturan Kontrol pada Penderita Gangguan Psikotik Fase Awal di Yogyakarta

KARISMA MUHAMMAD SUTOMO, DR.dr Carla R. Marchira Sp.KJ.

2014 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER

Latar Belakang: Gangguan psikotik dan skizofrenia adalah suatu bentuk gangguan jiwa yang menyebabkan penderita kehilangan kontak dengan dunia nyata sehingga menyulitkan penderita berkonsentrasi, berbicara dan beraktivitas normal. Ketaatan pengobatan pada penderita skizofrenia juga rendah. Penderita gangguan psikotik fase awal juga memiliki kemungkinan relapse 80%. Di Yogyakarta, penderita gangguan psikotik fase awal terbanyak adalah usia 15-29 tahun atau dewasa muda, yaitu 66,4%. Pengetahuan keluarga tentang gangguan psikotik dan skizofrenia juga sangat rendah padahal pengetahuan caregiver mengenai skizofrenia tersebut berpengaruh besar pada penanganan dan kesembuhan penderita psikotik. Tujuan: Melakukan identifikasi hubungan antara pengetahuan caregiver mengenai skizofrenia dengan keteraturan kontrol pada penderita gangguan psikotik fase awal. Metode: Cross-sectional secara sewaktu dari Oktober 2010 hingga Maret 2011. Didapatkan 100 subjek berasal dari RSUP Dr Sardjito, RSJ Ghrasia, RSK Puri Nirmala, RSUD Wates, RSUD Bantul dan RSUD Gunungkidul. Caregiver lalu dinilai pengetahuan mengenai skizofrenia dengan kuesioner KAST. Keteraturan kontrol pada pasien dilihat dari rekam medis pasien. Kemudian dilakukan analisa statistik menggunakan chi square. Hasil: Mayoritas responden menjawab benar 8 dari 18 pertanyaan dengan rerata keseluruhan 7,32 dan didapatkan 55 caregiver dengan pengetahuan yang baik mengenai skizofrenia. Hasil statistik nilai p=0,000 dan CC=0,501. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan caregiver mengenai skziofrenia dengan tingkat keteraturan kontrol penderita gangguan psikotik fase awal dengan kekuatan hubungan yang bersifat sedang.

Background: Psychotic illness and schizophrenia are forms of mental illness that results in the patient losing contact with the reality; thus, leading them to have difficulties to concentrate, speak, and go on with their daily activity. The also have a tendency to have a low degree of compliance in their medicinal or treatment intake. Patients in the early stages of psychosis also have an eighty-percent probability of relapse. In Yogyakarta, patients with early psychosis mostly comprise of those age 15-29 or young adults, of 66.4%. The degree of the families' awareness and knowledge on psychosis and schizophrenia is also very minimal; although caregiver’s knowledge on schizophrenia plays an important role in the treatment and progress of the patients with psychosis. Objective: To identify the relationship between caregivers knowledge on schizophrenia and the degree of patients' treatment regularity on patients with early stages of psychosis in Yogyakarta. Method: Cross-sectional data analysis between the period of October 2010 and March 2011. A number of 100 test subjects from RSUP Dr. Sardjito, RSJ Gharasia, RSK Puri Nirmala, RSUD Wates, RSUD Bantul and RSUD Gunungkidul were gathered. Caregivers were evaluated on their knowledge on schizophrenia by using a KAST survey. The degree of treatment regularity was measured using the patient’s medical record. Then a chi square statistical analysis was performed. Result: The majority of respondents answered 8 out of 18 questions correctly with an average score of 7.32 and it was found that 55 caregivers had sufficient level of knowledge on schizophrenia. This statistical results is significant at 99% confidence interval (p=0.000) with CC=0.501 Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between caregivers knowledge and the degree of patients' treatment regularity on patients with early stages of psychosis with the correlation’s degree is moderate.

Kata Kunci : Schizophrenia, Family, Knowledge, Compliance, Education, Treatment