KARAKTER MORFOLOGIS KULTIVAR SALAK (Salacca edulis Reinw.) JANTAN DAN BETINA DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN, DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

NUR FITRIANA ARIYANTI, Rina Sri Kasiamdari, S. Si., Ph. D.

2014 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Penelitian mengenai variasi sifat, ciri morfologi dan hubungan kekerabatan fenetik kultivar salak (Salacca edulis Reinw.) di Sleman masih berfokus pada hubungan kekerabatan salak betina. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbandingan karakter morfologi dan hubungan fenetik pada kultivar salak jantan dan betina, serta mengetahui karakter yang berperan penting dalam pengelompokan kultivar. Sampel 23 individu dari kultivar salak betina pondoh hitam, pondoh super, manggala, madu soka, jawa, gading, dan salak jantan diambil dari empat kelurahan di Sleman yaitu Purwobinangun, Candibinangun, Donokerto, dan Girikerto. Pengamatan karakter morfologi dilakukan pada sifat kualitatif dan kuantitatif organ daun dan bunga. Karakter terpilih diberi skor dan kode sesuai aturan “multi-state characters.” Indeks similaritas dihitung dengan metode koefisien asosiasi dengan rumus Gower General Similarity Coefficient. Analisis standarisasi, pembuatan dendogram dan analisis komponen utama dilakukan dengan menggunakan software MVSP (Multi-Variate Statistical Package) 3.13n. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, perbedaan utama karakter salak jantan dengan salak betina adalah keberadaan putik dan benang sari fertil. Hasil konstruksi dendogram terdapat 2 kelompok utama yaitu klaster salak jantan dan salak betina dengan indeks similaritas 54,2%. Nilai indeks similaritas tertinggi dimiliki oleh salak betina gading Purwobinangun dan salak betina gading Candibinangun dengan nilai derajat similaritas 85.5%. Karakter yang berperan dalam pengelompokan adalah warna serabut pelindung putik (axis 1= -0.225; axis 2=0.193), warna kepala putik (axis 1=-0.239; axis 2=-0.097); dan ada tidaknya benang sari fertil (axis 1=0.269; axis 2= -0.063).

Research about characters variation, morphological character, and phenetic relationship of snakes fruit cultivar (Salacca edulis Reinw.) at Sleman was focused on female plant relationship. The objective of the research was to study the morphological character comparation and phenetic relationship of male and female snakes fruits cultivar, and to know the principal characters that play an important role in the grouping. Samples of 23 individu from pondoh hitam, pondoh super, manggala, madu soka, jawa, gading dan male plant was conducted at four subdistricts at Sleman, there were Purwobinangun, Candibinangun, Donokerto, and Girikerto. Observations of morphological character was done in the qualitative and quantitative characters at leaves and flower organs. Selected characters were scored and coded according to the “multi-state characters” rules. Similarity index value was calculated by assosiation correlation with Gower General Similarity Coefficient. Standarization, dendogram construction and principal component were analyzed with MVSP (Multi-Variate Statistical Package) 3.13n software. Results showed that the main morphological character comparation of male and female plant were pistil and fertile stamen present. Based on the dendogram construction, there were two-main groups, male plant and female plant with 54,2% index similarity value. The highest index similarity value was owned by female gading Purwobinangun and female gading Candibinangun with 85,5%. The principal characters that played an important role in the grouping were pistil protective fiber color (axis 1= -0.225; axis 2=0.193), stigma color (axis 1=-0.239; axis 2=-0.097); and the present of fertile stamen (axis 1=0.269; axis 2= -0.063).

Kata Kunci : Salacca edulis Reinw., jantan, betina, hubungan fenetik, morfologi