PENGARUH KEBISINGAN TERHADAP WAKTU PERDARAHAN, WAKTU KOAGULASI, DAN JUMLAH TROMBOSIT TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) BETINA GALUR WISTAR

RISANTI NAINTIWAN, Laksmindra Fitria, S.Si.,M.Si.

2014 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Organisme yang terpapar gangguan yang bersifat mencekam (stresor), salah satunya kebisingan, dapat mengalami stres dan memicu timbulnya mekanisme respon fisiologis yang kompleks, hingga terjadinya perubahan perilaku. Respon tubuh dalam menanggapi stres melibatkan koordinasi sistem saraf dan hormonal, dimana kinerja dari kedua sistem tersebut akan mempengaruhisistem kardiovaskular. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh kebisingan terhadap waktu perdarahan, waktu koagulasi, dan jumlah trombositTikus putih (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) Betina Galur Wistar. Sebanyak 48 ekor tikus dibagi kedalam 5 kelompok berdasarkan durasi perlakuan, yaitu 1; 3; 7; 14; 21; dan 28 hari, masing-masing perlakuan didampingi oleh kontrol (Sham).Perlakuan kebisingan menggunakan alat ultrasonik Rat Repeller dengan frekuensi 45.000 Hz dan intensitas 120 dB. Penelitian diawali dengan pengambilan data baseline (nilai kisaran normal). Perlakuan pemajanan dilakukan selama 30 menit/hari. Data yang diperoleh dibandingkan secara relatif antara kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan dan dengan nilaibaseline, kemudian diuji dengan T test untuk mengetahui signifikansi. Diamati pula respon (perilaku) tikus sebelum, selama, dan setelah pemajanan. Waktu perdarahan baik pada kelompok kontrol maupun perlakuan lebih tinggi dibanding baseline (30-90 detik). Waktu koagulasi darah masih dalam kisaran normal (45-105 detik), demikian pula jumlah trombosit(559-1263 x103/μL). Berdasarkan uji statistik, hasil pengukuran yang signifikan ditunjukkan pada pengukuran waktu koagulasi dengan perlakuan kebisingan selama 7 hari. Berat badan semua hewan uji mengalami kenaikan dengan pola yang sama. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kebisingan yang diberikan tidak berpengaruh terhadap waktuperdarahan, waktu koagulasi, jumlah trombosit, dan berat badan, namun memperpanjangwaktu perdarahan, meningkatkan agresivitas dan aktivitas.

Exposed organism to disturbances which is gripping (stressor), such as noise can trigger complex physiological response mechanism such as stress, until behavior change of that organism. The response of body to stress involved the coordination of the nervous and hormonal systems, which work both of those systems,will affect the cardiovascular system. This research is aimed to study the effect of noise on bleeding time, coagulation time, and number of platelet infemale white rat (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) Winstar strain.48 rats were divided into 5 groups based on the duration of treatments, were 1; 3;7; 14;21; and 28 days, andeach treatment is accompanied by controls (Sham). Treatment of noise is using Rat Repeller Ultrasonic with frequency of 45,000 Hz and intensity of 120 dB. The study begins with the collection of baseline data (the value of the normal range). Exposuring treatment was done for 30 minutes/day. Collected data were compared in relative terms between the control and treatment groups and with baseline values, and then tested with the T test to determine the significance. Beside that, the response (behavior) of rats before, during, and after exposuringwere observed. Based on the research, the bleeding time both in control and treatment group was higher than the baseline (30-90 seconds). Blood coagulation time was still in normal range (45-105 seconds), and the number of platelets is 559-1263x103/μL). Based on statistical tests, the results indicated a significant measurement on coagulation time measurement with 7 days treatment. Body weight observed was increased in all tested animal with the same pattern. From the result, it could be concluded that the noise exposure which was given to the tested animal doesn’tany effect on coagulation time, number of platelets, and weight of tested animal, but it increasedthe bleeding time, aggressiveness and activity.

Kata Kunci : Kebisingan, perdarahan, koagulasi, trombosit, Rattus norvegicus.