3.5 dS/m. Study-1 conducted through survey along Semarang-Demak and Samas-Parangtritis coastal, then sudy-2, 3 and 4 are the experimental trial were conducted in the greenhouse and in the wet paddy field Observations include aspects of plant physiological response and agronomic aspects /plant growth. Physiological variables, namely the accumulation of proline and glycine betaine, leaf cell water potential, photosynthetic rate, the CO2 content of the cells, chlorophyll content , cell membrane stability index, K + -tissue, Na + -tissue, and ratio of Na + /K + . Agronomic variables measured were : plant height, number of tillers, days to flowering, maturity, seed weight and the weight of 1000 seeds. It was concluded that : (1). There are four halophyte species which synthesize glycine betaine and proline in high quantities and can be extracted as a source of compatible solute. The fourth species of the cemara laut (Casuarina equisetifolia L.), Bakau kurap (Rhizophora mucronata) druju (Acanthus ilicifolius L.) and rumput riguling (Spinifex sericeus), (2). Glycine betaine and proline contained in a solution leaf extract are acceptable and accumulated in the tissues of rice and able to act as osmoprotectant, effective at the level of maximum soil salinity ECe, 5.0 dS/m, (3). Physiological effects of the extract solution leaves halophyte is decreasing water potential leaf cells , Na + and the ratio of Na + /K + , as well as normalize levels of K + , the membrane stability index, CO2 cells, the rate of photosynthesis and chlorophyll content (chlorophyll-a, b and total). The physiological effects, indirect effect positive on growth and development , as well as an increase in grain yield. (4). Optimal dose of cemara laut leaf extract solution is a concentration of 100 umol/g DW. (5). The amendment to the physiological effects of rice plants through enrichment of compatible solute especially glycine betaine and proline are improving salinity tolerance than in foliar potassium or the addition of organic matter to the soil Application combination halophyte leaf extract solution with potassium as a foliar fertilizer, also have a positive effect on salinity tolerance and (6). Technical contributions halophyte leaf extract solution to increase rice production is beetween 100 and 150 % compared to plants control."> 3.5 dS/m. Study-1 conducted through survey along Semarang-Demak and Samas-Parangtritis coastal, then sudy-2, 3 and 4 are the experimental trial were conducted in the greenhouse and in the wet paddy field Observations include aspects of plant physiological response and agronomic aspects /plant growth. Physiological variables, namely the accumulation of proline and glycine betaine, leaf cell water potential, photosynthetic rate, the CO2 content of the cells, chlorophyll content , cell membrane stability index, K + -tissue, Na + -tissue, and ratio of Na + /K + . Agronomic variables measured were : plant height, number of tillers, days to flowering, maturity, seed weight and the weight of 1000 seeds. It was concluded that : (1). There are four halophyte species which synthesize glycine betaine and proline in high quantities and can be extracted as a source of compatible solute. The fourth species of the cemara laut (Casuarina equisetifolia L.), Bakau kurap (Rhizophora mucronata) druju (Acanthus ilicifolius L.) and rumput riguling (Spinifex sericeus), (2). Glycine betaine and proline contained in a solution leaf extract are acceptable and accumulated in the tissues of rice and able to act as osmoprotectant, effective at the level of maximum soil salinity ECe, 5.0 dS/m, (3). Physiological effects of the extract solution leaves halophyte is decreasing water potential leaf cells , Na + and the ratio of Na + /K + , as well as normalize levels of K + , the membrane stability index, CO2 cells, the rate of photosynthesis and chlorophyll content (chlorophyll-a, b and total). The physiological effects, indirect effect positive on growth and development , as well as an increase in grain yield. (4). Optimal dose of cemara laut leaf extract solution is a concentration of 100 umol/g DW. (5). The amendment to the physiological effects of rice plants through enrichment of compatible solute especially glycine betaine and proline are improving salinity tolerance than in foliar potassium or the addition of organic matter to the soil Application combination halophyte leaf extract solution with potassium as a foliar fertilizer, also have a positive effect on salinity tolerance and (6). Technical contributions halophyte leaf extract solution to increase rice production is beetween 100 and 150 % compared to plants control.">
Laporkan Masalah

KONTRIBUSI SENYAWA KOMPATIBEL EKSTRAK DAUN TUMBUHAN HALOFIT SEBAGAI ANTI-SALINITAS DALAM AMENDEMEN FISIOLOGIS PADI (Oryza sativa L.)

Tony Basuki, Prof. Dr. Ir. Djoko Prajitno, M.Sc.

2014 | Disertasi | S3 Agronomi

Padi (Oryza sativa L.) adalah tanaman pangan yang rentan dengan kondisi salinitas. Gangguan salinitas pada pertumbuhan padi, berdampak terhadap penurunan hasil biji. Kerentanan ini dimulai sejak fase pesemaian hingga fase reproduksi. Suatu penelitian mengenai ”Kontribusi senyawa kompatibel ekstrak daun tumbuhan halofit sebagai anti-salinitas dalam amendemen fisiologis padi (Oryza sativa. L) telah dilaksanakan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu, (1). mengeksplorasi spesies halofit yang mensintesis glycine betaine dan proline dalam jumlah yang tinggi yang kemudian daunnya diekstrak sebagai bahan anti-salinitas; (2). mempelajari akumulasi glycine betaine dan proline dalam padi yang dipasok secara exogenous dari ekstrak daun halofit; (3). mempelajari efikasi dari efek akumulasi kedua senyawa ini dalam berkontribusi sebagai osmoprotektan melawan salinitas dibandingkan dengan pemberian kalium secara foliar dan penambahan bahan organik tanah ke dalam tanah. (4). mempelajari kontribusi teknis dari larutan ekstrak daun halofit terhadap produksi padi yang tercekam salinitas. Satu set penelitian ini terdiri dari empat studi. Keempat studi ini terdiri dari satu studi eksplorasi melalui metoda survei dan tiga studi eksperimental, dimana: (i). Studi-1 : Eksplorasi tumbuhan halofit yang mengandung senyawa kompatibel; (ii). Studi-2 : Uji respon tanaman padi yang diberi senyawa kompatibel pada tiga tingkat salinitas; (iii). Studi-3 : Studi efektivitas jumlah kebutuhan senyawa kompatibel dan pasokan kalium pada tingkat salinitas ECe 4.0 dS/m; dan (iv). Studi-4: Aplikasi larutan ekstrak daun halofit dari empat spesies pada tanaman padi yang tercekam salinitas ECe >3.5 dS/m di lahan sawah. Studi-1 dilakukan melalui survei di sepanjang pesisir pantai Semarang-Demak dan pesisir Samas-Parangtritis. Sedangkan, studi 2; 3 dan 4 adalah penelitian percobaan yang dilakukan di rumah kaca dan di lahan sawah. Pengamatan respon tanaman meliputi aspek fisiologis dan aspek agronomik/pertumbuhan tanaman. Variabel fisiologis yaitu akumulasi proline, glycine betaine, potensial air sel daun, laju fotosintesis, kadar CO2 sel, kandungan klorofil, indeks stabilitas membran sel, K + jaringan, Na + jaringan dan rasio Na + /K + jaringan. Variabel agronomik yang diamati adalah : tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, umur berbunga, umur panen, bobot biji dan bobot 1000 biji. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa : (1). Ada empat spesies halofit yang mensintesis glycine betaine dan proline untuk jumlah yang cukup tinggi dan dapat diekstrak sebagai sumber senyawa kompatibel. Keempat spesies yakni cemara laut (Casuarina equisetifolia L.), Bakau kurap (Rhizophora mucronata,) Druju (Acanthus ilicifolius L.) dan Rumput riguling (Spinifex sericeus), (2). Glycine betaine dan proline yang terkandung dalam larutan ekstrak daun halofit dapat diterima dan terakumulasi ke dalam jaringan padi serta mampu berperan sebagai osmoprotektan, yang efektif pada tingkat salinitas tanah maksimun ECe, 5.0 dS/m, (3). Efek fisiologis dari pemberian larutan ekstrak daun halofit adalah menurunnya potensial air sel daun, kadar Na + dan rasio Na + /K + , serta menormalkan kadar K + , indeks stabilitas membran, kadar CO2 sel, laju fotosintesis dan kadar klorofil (klorofil-a, b dan total). Efek fisiologis ini, berpengaruh positif secara tidak langsung terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan, serta peningkatan hasil gabah. (4). Takaran optimal dari larutan ekstrak daun cemara laut adalah konsentrasi 100 umol/g BK. (5). Efek amendemen fisiologis tanaman padi melalui pengkayaan senyawa kompatibel khusunya glycine betaine dan proline adalah meningkatkan toleransi salinitas dibanding pemberian kalium secara foliar atau penambahan bahan organik ke dalam tanah Aplikasi kombinasi antara larutan ekstrak daun halofit dengan pemupukan kalium secara foliar, juga memberikan efek positif terhadap toleransi salinitas, dan (6). Kontribusi teknis larutan ekstrak daun ekstrak daun druju, cemara laut, rumput riguling dan bakau kurap pada padi yang tumbuh pada salinitas ECe, 3.5 dS/m dapat menaikan produktivitas gabah antara 100 sampai 150 % atau terjadi kenaikan produktivitas dari 2.22 ton/ha menjadi 5.68 ton/ha.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a crop that is susceptible to salinity conditions. Disruption salinity on rice growth, impact on grain yield reduction. This susceptible started the seedling phase to the reproductive phase. A study on \\"Contribution of compatible solute of halophyte leaf extract as anti-salinity in physiological amendment to rice (Oryza sativa L.)” has been conducted. The aims of this study to : (1). explore halophyte species which synthesize glycine betaine and proline in high quantities are then leaves extracted as the material the anti-salinity; (2).study the accumulation of glycine betaine and proline in rice supplied from halophytes leaf extract; (3). study efficacy of the effect of the accumulation of these solute in contributing as osmoprotectant against salinity than that of potassium by foliar and adding soil organic matter to the soil; (4) study the technical contributions of compatible solute of halophyte leaf extract on rice production under salinity. A set of this study consisted of four studies. Four studies consisted of one exploratory study through survey methods and three experimental studies, in which : (i). Study-1 : Exploration of halophyte plants containing compatible solute; (ii). Study-2: Test the response of rice that were applied compatible solute at three levels of salinity; (iii). Study-3: Study the effectiveness of the the rate of compatible solute required and potassium supply on salinity ECe 4.0 dS/m, and (iv). Study-4 : Application leaf extract solution of the four halophyte species to rice in the wet paddy field under salinity ECe > 3.5 dS/m. Study-1 conducted through survey along Semarang-Demak and Samas-Parangtritis coastal, then sudy-2, 3 and 4 are the experimental trial were conducted in the greenhouse and in the wet paddy field Observations include aspects of plant physiological response and agronomic aspects /plant growth. Physiological variables, namely the accumulation of proline and glycine betaine, leaf cell water potential, photosynthetic rate, the CO2 content of the cells, chlorophyll content , cell membrane stability index, K + -tissue, Na + -tissue, and ratio of Na + /K + . Agronomic variables measured were : plant height, number of tillers, days to flowering, maturity, seed weight and the weight of 1000 seeds. It was concluded that : (1). There are four halophyte species which synthesize glycine betaine and proline in high quantities and can be extracted as a source of compatible solute. The fourth species of the cemara laut (Casuarina equisetifolia L.), Bakau kurap (Rhizophora mucronata) druju (Acanthus ilicifolius L.) and rumput riguling (Spinifex sericeus), (2). Glycine betaine and proline contained in a solution leaf extract are acceptable and accumulated in the tissues of rice and able to act as osmoprotectant, effective at the level of maximum soil salinity ECe, 5.0 dS/m, (3). Physiological effects of the extract solution leaves halophyte is decreasing water potential leaf cells , Na + and the ratio of Na + /K + , as well as normalize levels of K + , the membrane stability index, CO2 cells, the rate of photosynthesis and chlorophyll content (chlorophyll-a, b and total). The physiological effects, indirect effect positive on growth and development , as well as an increase in grain yield. (4). Optimal dose of cemara laut leaf extract solution is a concentration of 100 umol/g DW. (5). The amendment to the physiological effects of rice plants through enrichment of compatible solute especially glycine betaine and proline are improving salinity tolerance than in foliar potassium or the addition of organic matter to the soil Application combination halophyte leaf extract solution with potassium as a foliar fertilizer, also have a positive effect on salinity tolerance and (6). Technical contributions halophyte leaf extract solution to increase rice production is beetween 100 and 150 % compared to plants control.

Kata Kunci : Salinitas, Senyawa kompatibel, Halofit, Padi sawah, Rasio Na + /K


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