BIOMONITORING DI SUNGAI SANGON, KULON PROGO, DIY : KANDUNGAN MERKURI PADA MAKROINVERTEBRATA BENTHIK

RAHADYAN AULIA, Dr. rer. nat. Andhika Puspito Nugroho

2014 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Penambangan emas di daerah Sangon, Kecamatan Kokap, Kulon Progo, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) merupakan salah satu tempat penambangan emas rakyat secara tradisional di Indonesia. Limbah merkuri diduga mengalir dari kolam penampungan hingga mencapai Sungai Sangon. Makroinvertebrata merupakan bioindikator untuk mengetahui akumulasi dan distribusi logam berat dalam sistem perairan, karena hubungan organisme tersebut dengan sedimen, pergerakan relatif, kebiasaan makan, dan waktu hidup mereka dalam sistem perairan. Biomonitoring di Sungai Sangon menggunakan makroinvertebrata benthik dapat memberikan informasi mengenai kandungan merkuri di perairan sungai dan potensi toksiknya, baik pada organisme akuatik maupun manusia. Makroinvertebrata benthik disampling di 5 stasiun menggunakan Surber sampler (n=3). Di laboratorium, makroinvertebrata benthik diidentifikasi dibagi ke dalam Feeding Group, dan dianalisis kandungan Hg dengan menggunakan Mercury Analyzer VM-300. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelompok Gatherer Collector merupakan Feeding Group yang mengakumulasi Hg paling besar di Sungai Sangon, selanjutnya diikuti oleh kelompok Filterrer Collector, Scrapper-Grazer, Shredder dan Predator. Bioakumulasi makroinvertebrata pada Sungai Sangon berhubungan dengan kandungan merkuri pada air sungai (kecuali Shredder dan Predator) dan sedimen (kecuali Filterer Collector dan Predator).

Gold mining in the Sangon Area, Kokap, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta is one of the traditional gold mining in Indonesia. Mercury waste has been suspected flowing from the pools to Sangon River. Benthic macroinvertebrates are bioindicators to determine the accumulation and distribution of heavy metals in aquatic systems because of the relationship between organisms with sediments, relative stream, feed behaviour, and the time of their lives in aquatic systems. Biomonitoring in the Sangon River using benthic macroinvertebrates could provide information about concentration of mercury in river waters and toxic potential both in aquatic organisms and humans. Sampling of benthic macroinvertebrates have been done at the 5 stasions using a Surber sampler (n = 3). In the laboratory, benthic macroinvertebrates have been identified and divided into feeding groups. Mercury concentrations in the organisms, water, and sediment were analyzed using the VM - 300 Mercury Analyzer. The results show that the highest Hg concentration was observed in the Gatherer Collector, followed by Filterrer Collector, Scrapper–Grazer, Shredder, and Predator. Bioaccumulation of mercury in the benthic macroinvertebrates in the Sangon River associated with concentrations of mercury in the river water (except Shredder and Predator) and sediment (except Filterer Collector and Predator).

Kata Kunci : Makroinvertebrata benthik, merkuri, penambangan emas, sungai sangon