PENGARUH MACAM DAN KONSENTRASI BAHAN ORGANIK SUMBER ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH ALAMI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN AWAL TEBU (Saccharum officinarum L.)

HELENA LEOVICI, Dody Kastono, S.P., M.P.

2014 | Skripsi | AGRONOMI

Penelitian bertujuan untuk 1) mengetahui pengaruh macam dan konsentrasi bahan organik sumber zat pengatur tumbuh alami terhadap pertumbuhan awal tebu dan 2) menentukan konsentrasi optimum setiap bahan organik bagi pertumbuhan awal tebu. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2012 – April 2013 di Kebun Tridharma Jurusan Budidaya Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Banguntapan, Bantul, D. I. Yogyakarta. Percobaan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) satu faktor dengan 5 blok sebagai ulangan. Faktor yang diuji adalah macam bahan organik sumber zat pengatur tumbuh alami, yaitu air kelapa muda 25, 50, dan 75 %; urin sapi perah 25, 50, dan 75 %; serta ekstrak kecambah kacang hijau 25, 50, dan 75 %. Sebagai pembanding digunakan bibit tebu yang tidak mendapatkan aplikasi bahan organik sumber zat pengatur tumbuh alami. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap beberapa anasir iklim mikro di sekitar tempat penelitian serta variabel pertumbuhan tanaman. Data hasil penelitian selanjutnya dianalisis varian (ANOVA) pada taraf 5 %, dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Dunnet apabila hasil analisis varian menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata antar perlakuan Hasil penelitian memberikan informasi bahwa perlakuan air kelapa muda 25 % mampu meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang, bobot segar akar, bobot segar tajuk, bobot segar total, bobot kering akar, bobot kering tajuk, bobot kering total, volume akar, dan luas daun tebu jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol (tanpa bahan organik). Perlakuan urin sapi perah 50 dan 75 % serta ekstrak kecambah kacang hijau 25, 50, dan 75 % memberikan hasil yang tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan tanpa bahan organik pada semua variabel pertumbuhan tebu. Hasil analisis regresi memberikan informasi bahwa konsentrasi air kelapa muda yang optimum bagi pertumbuhan awal tebu adalah 38,70 %, sedangkan pada urin sapi perah sebesar 34,44 %.

The objectives of study were 1) to determine the effects of the types and concentrations of organic materials as natural plant growth regulator sources to the initial growth of sugarcane and 2) to determine the optimum concentration of each organic material to the initial growth of sugarcane. The experiment was conducted at Tridharma Field, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Banguntapan District, Bantul Region, D. I. Yogyakarta Province in December 2012 - April 2013. The research was arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) single factor with five blocks as replication. The treatments tested were types of organic materials as natural plant growth regulator sources, namely 25, 50, and 75 % of coconut water; 25, 50, and 75 % of dairy cow urine well as 25, 50, and 75 % of extracts of mung bean sprouts. The sugarcane seedlings that do not get organic materials were used as control. The observations were done on several elements of the micro-climate around the research site as well as the plant growth variables. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5 % level, and continued with Dunnet Test. The results showed that 25 % of coconut water could increase the plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, total fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, the total dry weight, root volume and leaf area when compared to the control. Meanwhile, 50 and 75 % of dairy cow urine, and 25, 50 and 75 % of mung bean sprouts extracts were not significantly different from controls on all growth variables of sugarcane. Regression analysis provides information that 38.70 % of coconut water and 34.44 % of dairy cow urine were optimum for the initial growth of sugarcane.

Kata Kunci : tebu, air kelapa, urin sapi, ekstrak kecambah kacang hijau, ZPT