PROSES DAN POLA TRANSFORMASI SOSIAL EKONOMI MASYARAKAT DI DATARAN TINGGI LINDU KECAMATAN LINDU KABUPATEN SIGI PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGAH

Erna Tenge, SE.,MS., Prof. Dr. Suratman, M.Sc.

2013 | Disertasi | S3 Geografi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) memahami proses transformasi sosial ekonomi masyarakat; (2) mengetahui dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi proses dan pola transformasi sosial ekonomi masyarakat; (3) menganalisis pola transformasi sosial ekonomi dan ekologis masyarakat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survei atau survei sampel, unit sampel kepala keluarga dan unit analisis rumah tangga dengan metode sampel acak sederhana. Perolehan data primer melalui: observasi langsung, wawancara terstruktur dan wawancara mendalam kepada responden, key informan atau FGD, dan data sekunder melalui survei institusional. Analisis data menggunakan tiga teknik, yaitu: (1) analisis proses; (2) analisis regresi linear berganda (semi-log); dan (3) analisis pola. Metode analisis kombinasi antara kualitatif dan kuantitatif (deskriptif kuantitatif) dengan bantuan analisis tabel frekuensi/persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) proses transformasi sosial ekonomi masyarakat di kedua desa baik kegiatan perintisan/pembangunan jalan maupun perkembangan kegiatan sosial ekonomi dan teknologi berlangsung relatif lambat (evolusi), dan masyarakat umumnya menggunakan sistem pengelolaan pertanian modern dan tradisional (dualististik); (2) hanya 4 dari 7 variabel penduga yang digunakan berpengaruh terhadap rata-rata total pendapatan bersih rumah tangga masyarakat Desa Puroo (62,10%), sedangkan rumah tangga masyarakat Desa Tomado ada 5 variabel (63,20%) pada tingkat kepercayaan 95%; (3) pola rata-rata pemanfaatan lahan rumah tangga masyarakat Desa Puroo ≤ 1 ha, sedangkan rumah tangga masyarakat Desa Tomado ≤ 2 ha dan pola distribusi lahan kedua desa relatif timpang; (4) tingkat produtivitas lahan pertanian rumah tangga masyarakat dari kedua desa relatif rendah; (5) hubungan/interaksi sosial, di antara masyarakat di kedua desa relatif cukup baik (simbiosis mutualistis); (6) teknologi alat pertanian mampu menggeser pola kerja gotong-royong ke pola kerja kelompok yang relatif terorganisir; (7) komitmen Lindu Linoku Tuwuku dan paranata adat wanangkiki dan ombo adalah bentuk kearifan lokal masyarakat adat Lindu sebagai dasar kebjaksanaan pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan sumber daya alam; (8) pola rata-rata total pendapatan bersih per kapita/tahun/bulan rumah tangga masyarakat Desa Puroo tergolong rendah, tetapi tidak termasuk masyarakat miskin, sebaliknya rumah tangga masyarakat Desa Tomado relatif lebih sejahtera, tetapi pola distribusi pendapatan dari kedua desa relatif timpang.

This research aims at (1) understanding the socio-economic transformation processes; (2) understanding and analyzing the factors that affect the processes and patterns of the socio-economic transformation of the community; and (3) analyzing the patterns of the socio-economic transformation and ecologic of the communities. The research methodology includes a survey of households as samples and family heads as units of analysis, whith using simple random sampling. Primary data is obtained by institutional surveys, direct observations, structured interviews and in-depth interviews with key informers and focus group discussions (FGD). The obtained data is analyzed with three techniques, namely (1) process analysis; (2) multiple linear regression analysis (semi-log); (3) pattern analysis. The data analyzed is using a combination between qualitative and quantitative methodes and added by frequency table reprecented in percentage. The result of this research show that (1) the socio-economic transformation process in the two house holds communities is relatively evolution and communities in generally have to used management agricultures of modern and traditional system (dualistic), the difference beween the two villages communities only applies to their organizational and operations in the field; (2) only four of the seven independent variables have a real affect on the net income of the community of the village of Puroo (62.10%), while at the Tomado village there are five variables (63.20%) at a trust level of 95%; (3) the average land size at Puroo is less than one hectares, while at Tomado is less than two hectares; (4) the productivity level of the two hause holds communities is relatively low; 5) the relation ship or interaction beetwin two villages communities are relatively is harmonious (mutually simbiotic) (6) new agricultural technology has shifted the collective work patterns to organized work pattern behind individually paid labour; (7) the prinsiples applied by Lindu Linoku Tuwuku and cultural institution wanangkiki and ombo is based on the local wisdom well the natural resources are maintain in a sustainale way; (8) the patterns of the average net total income of the house holds of Puroo is relatively low but cannot regardet of poor people, while in the Tomado house holds relatively better, but the patterns of distribution of income of the two house holds communities are relatively unequal.

Kata Kunci : Transformasi, pengelolaan, pemanfaatan, sumber daya alam, sosial ekonomi