PERENGKAHAN MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT MENGGUNAKAN VARIASI CAMPURAN KATALIS Ni/AlMCM-41, H-AlMCM-41 DAN BENTONIT

GIUR MUHAMMAD SATRIA, Prof. Dr. Iip Izul Falah

2013 | Skripsi | KIMIA

Telah dilakukan penelitian perengkahan minyak kelapa sawit menggunakan variasi campuran katalis Ni/AlMCM-41, H-AlMCM-41 dan bentonit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh bentonit terhadap campuran katalis Ni/AlMCM-41 dan H-AlMCM-41. Penelitian ini diawali dengan sintesis AlMCM-41 menggunakan template misel surfaktan cetyltrimetilammonium bromide (CTAB) dan tetrametilamonium hidroksida (TMAOH). Kristalisasi dilakukan secara hidrotermal pada suhu 90 o C selama 36 jam lalu dikalsinasi pada 540 o C. AlMCM-41 dianalisis menggunakan metode difraksi sinar-X (XRD) dan spektrofotometri inframerah (FTIR). Ni/AlMCM-41 dibuat dengan cara merendam AlMCM-41 dalam larutan NiCl2. Setelah penyaringan , dilakukan pengeringan kemudian direduksi pada 450 o C. Luas permukaan dianalisis menggunakan metode adsorpsi nitrogen dan bentuknya ditunjukkan menggunakan Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). H-AlMCM-41 dibuat dengan cara merendam AlMCM-41 dalam larutan NH4Cl kemudian dikalsinasi pada 540 o C selama 6 jam. AlMCM-41, H-AlMCM-41 dan Ni/AlMCM-41 ditentukan keasamannya berdasarkan metode adsorpsi amoniak dan piridin. Perengkahan minyak kelapa sawit dilakukan menggunakan variasi campuran katalis H-AlMCM-41 dan bentonit; campuran H-AlMCM-41, Ni/AlMCM-41 dan bentonit, dan Ni/MCM-41. Perbandingan volume minyak/katalis sebesar 200. Produk organik cair didistilasi dan dianalisis dengan metode Kromatografi Gas-Spektrometri Massa (GCMS). Hasil analisis, menunjukkan bahwa AlMCM-41 berhasil disintesis dengan kristalinitas tinggi dan diamater pori yaitu 3,04 nm. Keasaman katalis H-AlMCM41 dan Ni/Al-MCM-41 lebih tinggi daripada AlMCM-41. Perengkahan minyak kelapa sawit menggunakan variasi campuran katalis H-AlMCM-41 dan bentonit; campuran H-AlMCM-41, Ni/AlMCM-41 dan bentonit; dan Ni/MCM-41 berturutturut memberikan asam lemak sebagai produk utama dengan nilai konversi yaitu 74,46 %, 83,75 % dan 71,35 % (w/w).

The research of mixture of palm oil by using variation of mixture of Ni/AlMCM-41, H-AlMCM-41 and bentonite has been conducted. The purpose of this research was to identify the effect of bentonite on catalyst mixture of Ni/AlMCM-41 and H-AlMCM-41. For the synthesis of AlMCM-41, cetyltrimetilamonium bromide (CTAB) and tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH) were used as a template, sodium silicate as a source of silica, and sodium aluminate as a source of aluminum. Crystallization was carried out hydrothermally at a temperature of 90 o C for 36 hours and calcined at 540 o C for 6 hours. The AlMCM-41 was analyzed using Xray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) methods. Ni/AlMCM-41 was made by soaking AlMCM-41 into NiCl2 solution. After filtering, it was dried and than reduced at 450 o C. Its surface area was analyzed using nitrogen adsorption method and its shape was shown by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) image. H-AlMCM-41 was made by soaking AlMCM-41 into NH4Cl solution, calcined at 540 o C. The acidities of AlMCM-41, H-AlMCM-41, and Ni/AlMCM-41 are determined by adsorption of ammonia and pyridine methods. Palm oil cracking was conducted using catalysts of mixture of H-AlMCM-41 and bentonite; mixture of H-MCM-41, Ni/MCM-41 and bentonite; and Ni/MCM-41. The volume ratio of oil/catalyst was 200. The resulting liquid organic product was distilled and then analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) method. Based on the results of the analysis, it showed that AIMCM-41 was successfully synthesized with a high crystallinity and pore diameter of 3,04 nm. The catalyst acidities of H-AlMCM-41 and Ni/Al-MCM-41 were larger than AlMCM-41. All palm oil cracking utilized the catalysts mixture containing H- AlMCM-41 and bentonite; H-AlMCM-41, Ni/AlMCM-41 and bentonite; and Ni/MCM-41 gave fatty acids as main product with conversion values of 74.46 %, 83.75 % and 71.35 % (w/w), respectively.

Kata Kunci : AlMCM-41, H-AlMCM-41, Ni/AlMCM-41, bentonit, perengkahan