UJI KETAHANAN EMPAT VARIETAS TOMAT TERHADAP INFEKSI BEGOMOVIRUS

FRANSESKA CANDRA NOVEKA, Dr. Ir. Sri Sulandari, S.U.

2014 | Skripsi | ILMU HAMA & PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN

Produksi tomat di Indonesia masih sangat rendah yaitu: sekitar 15-16 ton per Ha. Rendahnya produksi tersebut antara lain disebabkan oleh serangan hama dan patogen. Saat ini Begomovirus banyak menyerang tanaman tomat dan sangat merugikan serta sulit dikendalikan. Menanam varietas tahan dapat sebagai salah satu alternatif untuk mencegah serangan Begomovirus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respons 4 varietas tomat terhadap infeksi Begomovirus. Penelitian dilakukan dirumah kaca PT Takii seed, Pakem, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dan di lahan petani di desa Kaponan, Pakis, Magelang, Jawa Tengah. Bibit 4 varietas tomat (‘Warani’, ‘Marta’, ‘Saviro’ dan ‘Ti7’) ditulari Begomovirus secara alami di rumah kaca menggunakan Bemisia tabaci Genn yang infektif, kemudian dipindah tanam di lahan dan dilakukan pengamatan sampai panen. Parameter pengamatan meliputi kejadian penyakit, intensitas penyakit, tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, bobot buah, jumlah buah dan bentuk buah. Hasil pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan Least Significant Difference (LSD) Dunnett 0,05. Untuk membuktikan penyebab penyakitnya adalah Begomovirus dilakukan deteksi secara PCR (Polimerase Chain Reaction). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 4 varietas yang diuji memiliki tingkat ketahanan yang berbeda terhadap infeksi Begomovirus yaitu dari sangat rentan sampai tahan. Varietas ‘Ti7’ dan ‘Saviro’ menunjukkan respons yang tahan sedangkan varietas ‘Warani’ dan ‘Marta’ menunjukkan respons yang sangat rentan. Pada varietas ‘Warani’ dan ‘Marta’ akibat infeksi Begomovirus tanaman menjadi lebih pendek, diameter batang kecil, bobot dan jumlah buah lebih rendah dibandingkan varietas ‘Saviro’ dan ‘Ti7’. Selain bobot dan jumlah buah yang berkurang pada tanaman yang terinfeksi Begomovirus menyebabkan buah berubah bentuk (malformasi) sehingga menyebabkan penurunan kualitas buah. Hasil deteksi PCR menunjukkan bahwa penyebab penyakit keriting pada tomat adalah Begomovirus. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa varietas ‘Saviro’ dan ‘Ti7’ dapat digunakan sebagai varietas harapan untuk mengendalikan penyakit yang disebabkan Begomovirus.

The tomato production in Indonesia is still very low: approximately 15-16 tons per hectare. The low production is caused by pests and pathogens. Currently, the Begomovirus attacking tomato plants is very damaging and difficult to control. Planting resistant varieties can be as an alternative strategy to prevent for Begomovirus infection. This study aims to determine the response of four varieties of tomato to Begomovirus infection. The study was conducted at the Greenhouses PT Takii seed, Pakem, Sleman, Yogyakarta and in farmers' fields of the village of Kaponan, Pakis, Magelang, Central Java. Four varieties of tomato seedlings ('Warani', 'Marta', 'Saviro' and 'Ti7') were naturally infected with Begomovirus in the greenhouse by using of infective of Bemisia tabaci Genn, then the infected plants were transplanted in the field and observed until harvest. The research parameters to include the observation of disease incidence, disease intensity, plant height, stem diameter, fruit weight, fruit number and fruit shape. The data were analyzed by using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) 0.05 Dunnett. In order to prove that the disease is caused by Begomovirus, detection by using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) was utilzed in this research. The results showed that the four varieties tested have different levels of resistance to Begomovirus infection; it is varied from susceptible level to resistant level. Varieties of 'Ti7' and 'Saviro' indicate responses of resistant, while varieties of 'Warani' and 'Marta' showed a very susceptible response. In the varieties of 'Warani' and 'Marta' due to infection Begomovirus caused the plants became shorter, smaller of the diameter stems, and the number of fruit varieties is lower than 'Saviro' and 'Ti7'. It also indicated that the weight and number of fruit were reduced on infected plants Begomovirus caused deformation of fruit (malformation) that made the decreasing quality of the fruit. PCR detection results showed that the causal agents of the tomato leaf curl disease is Begomovirus. Based on the results of the research, this study concludes that the varieties of 'Saviro' and 'Ti7' can be used as prospective varieties for controlling diseases which are caused by Begomovirus.

Kata Kunci : Begomovirus, respon ketahanan, 4 varietas tomat, PCR.