HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN SOSIAL TERHADAP KEMANDIRIAN PERAWATAN DIRI PADA ANAK DENGAN RETARDASI MENTAL DI SLB N 1 BANTUL

HAFID NUGROHO, Dr. Dra. Sumarni DW, M.Kes.

2013 | Skripsi | ILMU KEPERAWATAN

Latar Belakang: Retardasi mental merupakan keadaan yang memerlukan perhatian khusus, karena mengalami keterbatasan dalam memfungsikan dirinya Hal tersebut ditunjukkan dengan tidak adekuatnya perilaku mengurus dan merawat diri, bersosialisasi dengan teman sebaya, berkomunikasi serta keterampilan-keterampilan adaptif yang lainnya. Dukungan sosial akan meningkatkan kemandirian anak retardasi mental dalam melaksanakan perawatan dirinya. Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis hubungan antara dukungan sosial ditinjau dari tingkat dukungan sosial dan kepuasan dukungan dengan kemandirian perawatan diri pada anak dengan Retardasi Mental di SLB Negeri 1 Bantul. Metode: Penelitian analitik observasional, rancangan cross sectional. Dilaksanakan bulan Februari-April 2013. Responden sebanyak 28 siswa yang dipilih secara total sampling. Screening menggunakan Vineland Social Maturity Scale (VSMS), pengambilan data dukungan sosial menggunakan kuesioner Dukungan Sosial, untuk kemandirian perawatan diri menggunakan Lembar Observasi Kemandirian Perawatan Diri. Analisis data menggunakan Spearman Rank. Hasil: Tingkat dukungan sosial anak yaitu sebanyak 75% anak dengan tingkat cukup, 25% tingkat baik. Sumber dukungan sosial yaitu sebanyak 37,6% dari orang tua; 31,7% dari guru serta 30,7% dari teman. Bentuk dukungan sosial yang diterima adalah 50% dukungan sosial emosional, 20% dukungan sosial penilaian, 12% dukungan sosial informasi serta 18% dukungan sosial instrumental. Sebanyak 53,7% anak puas dengan dukungan sosial yang diterima dan sebanyak 46,3% anak tidak puas. Tingkat kemandirian perawatan dirinya 100% berada dalam tingkat yang tinggi. Hasil uji Spearman Rank mengenai hubungan antara tingkat dukungan sosial dengan kemandirian perawatan diri didapatkan nilai (p) = 0,147 (p>0,05) serta nilai (r) = -0,272, antara kepuasan dukungan sosial dengan kemandirian perawatan diri didapatkan nilai (p) = 0,671 (p>0,05), (r = 0,081) Kesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan antara dukungan sosial ditinjau dari tingkat dan kepuasan dukungan sosial terhadap tingkat kemandirian perawatan diri pada anak dengan retardasi mental di SLB Negeri 1 Bantul.

Background: Mental retardation is a condition that requires special attention, because children may experiencing limitations in functioning that interfere with the normal adaptation to the environment. This is indicated by inadequate selfcare behaviors, socialization with peers, communication and others. Social support will increase the self care independence in mentally retarded children. Objective: To analyze the relationship between social support in terms of the level and satisfaction, with self-care independence in children with mental retardation in SLB Negeri 1 Bantul. Methods: Observational analytic study with cross sectional design, conducted in February- April 2013 with the research subjects were 28 students selected in total sampling. Screening used the Vineland Social Maturity Scale ( VSMS ).Data retrieval collecion was done using Social Support Questionnaire and Guidelines Obeservation for Self Care Independence . Data analysis using the Spearman Rank . Results: The level of social support as many as 75% of children with sufficient levels of social support, 25% with a good level. Sources of social support as many as 37.6% were from parents; 31.7% teachers and 30.7% from friends. Forms of social support received by respondents is 50% for emotional social support, 20% for appraisement social support, 12% for instrumental social support and 18 % for information social support. As much as 53.7 % of children were satisfied with the social support receive , and as many as 46 ,3 % of children are not satisfied with the social support received. Degree of self care independence, 100% were in good level either of self-care independence bathing , dressing and dressing , toileting and eating . Spearman Rank test results on the relationship between levels of social support with self-care independence of the respondents obtained value (p)= 0.147 (p> 0.05 ) and values (r)= -0.272 , while between social support satisfaction of respondents with self-care independence obtained values (p)= 0.671 (p>0.05), (r= 0.081) Conclusion: There is no relationship between social support in terms of the level and satisfaction, with self-care independence in children with mental retardation in SLB negeri 1 Bantul.

Kata Kunci : dukungan sosial, perawatan diri, retardasi mental, SLB