PENGARUH VARIASI TEKANAN KEMPA DAN KOMPOSISI BAHAN TERHADAP SIFAT FISIKA-KIMIA BRIKET ARANG DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DAN CANGKANG KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

MARIO DAMANIK, Dr. Ir. P. Gentur Sutapa, M.Sc.

2014 | Skripsi | TEKNOLOGI HASIL HUTAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dan cangkang kelapa sawit (CKS) menjadi salah satu energi terbarukan berupa briket arang, mengetahui pengaruh variasi tekanan kempa dan komposisi bahan, dan mengetahui besar tekanan kempa dan perbandingan konsentrasi bahan yang optimal dalam pembuatan briket arang dari limbah TKKS dan CKS. Limbah TKKS dan CKS diarangkan menggunakan retort listrik dengan suhu karbonisasi 400 oC selama 3 jam. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (Completely Randomized Design) dengan menggunakan 2 faktor perlakuan yaitu tekanan kempa (2000 psi, 2500 psi, 3000 psi) dan perbandingan komposisi bahan TKKS : CKS (75%:25%, 50%:50%, 25%:75%) dengan masing-masing perlakuan 5 kali ulangan. Briket arang yang dihasilkan diuji kualitasnya dengan parameter fisik (kadar air, berat jenis, dan nilai kalor) dan sifat kimia (kadar abu, kadar zat mudah menguap, dan kadar karbon terikat). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan briket arang yang dihasilkan memiliki kualitas parameter sebagai berikut : kadar air 6,212 - 9,386%; berat jenis 0,744 – 0,892 ; nilai kalor 5768,211 – 6931,581 kal/gram; kadar abu 5,239 % - 11,009 %; kadar zat mudah menguap 40,828 - 44,298 %; karbon terikat 35,498% - 44,634%. Briket arang terbaik diperoleh dari kombinasi tekanan kempa 2500 psi dan komposisi bahan TKKS : CKS 25%:75% yang menghasilkan briket arang dengan spesifikasi sebagai berikut : kadar air 6,491%; berat jenis 0,874 gr/cm3; nilai kalor 6931,581 kal/gram; kadar abu 6,219% ; kadar zat mudah menguap 42,875%; karbon terikat 44,415%.

This study is aimed at utilizing empty fruit bunches of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) and oil palm shells to be one of the renewable energy resources in the form of charcoal briquettes, investigate the effects of variation of press load and material composition, and examine the optimum press load and concentration ratio of materials in the charcoal briquettes made from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) and oil palm shell (OPS). EFB and OPS were carbonized using an electric retort at the temperature of 400o C for 3 hours. This study employed the research design of completely randomized managed in 2 treatment factors, i.e. the press load of 2000 psi, 2500 psi, and 3000 psi and the ratio of material composition (EFB and OPS) of 75%:25%, 50%:50%, and 25%:75% in which each treatment was repeated five times. Subsequently, the quality examination of charcoal briquettes was conducted using physical parameters (water content, specific gravity, and calorific value) and chemical properties (ash content, volatile matter content, and fixed carbon). The results showed that the quality of charcoal briquettes made from EFB and OPS were as follows: the moisture content of 6.212 - 9.386%; density of 0.744 – 0.892 ; calorific value of 5768.211 – 6931.581 kal/g; ash content of 5.239 - 11.009% ; volatile matter content of 40.828 - 44.298%; and fixed carbon of 35.498 - 44.634%. The best quality of charcoal briquette was obtained from the combination of the press load of 2500 psi and the ratio of material composition (EFB and OPS) of 25%:75% with the following specification: the moisture content of 6.491%; density of 0.874 ; calorific value of 6931.581 kal/gram; ash content of 6.219%; volatile matter content of 42.875%; and fixed carbon of 44.415%.

Kata Kunci : tandan kosong kelapa sawit, cangkang kelapa sawit, briket arang, tekanan kempa, komposisi bahan.