Pengaruh Suhu Aktifasi dan Konsentrasi Bahan Pengaktif (NaOH) Terhadap Kualitas Arang Aktif dari Kayu Sikkam (Bischofia javanica)

JEPRI GREIVA M PURBA, Dr. Ir. J.P. Gentur Sutapa, M.Sc.

2014 | Skripsi | TEKNOLOGI HASIL HUTAN

Penelitian arang aktif menggunakan kayu sikkam (B. javanica) bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan kayu sikkam untuk diolah menjadi arang aktif, mengetahui kualitas dan sifat arang aktif kayu sikkam, dan mengetahui interaksi antara suhu aktivasi dan konsentrasi NaOH yang dipakai terhadap kualitas arang aktif yang dihasilkan. Arang aktif dengan kualitas terbaik diaplikasikan untuk meningkatkan kualitas air sumur. Proses penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap yang disusun secara faktorial dengan dua faktor, yaitu suhu aktivasi (750oC, 800 oC, dan 850 oC) dan konsentrasi NaOH (1%, 1,25%, dan 1,5%) dengan masing-masing perlakuan lima ulangan. Kayu sikkam (B. javanica) diarangkan dengan menggunakan retort listrik pada suhu 400 oC selama tiga jam. Proses aktivasi dilakukan secara kimia dan fisik (thermal). Pengujian kualitas arang aktif berdasarkan Standar Mutu Arang Aktif Teknis Serbuk SNI 06-3730-1995. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan analisis varian dan apabila berbeda nyata akan di uji lanjut HSD. Karakteristik arang aktif kayu sikkam (B. javanica) meliputi ; rendemen arang aktif 55,91-63,09%, kadar air arang aktif 2,84-4,93%, kadar volatil arang aktif 42,71-53,97%, kadar abu arang aktif 4,65-5,46%, kadar karbon terikat arang aktif 41,39-51,85%, daya serap iodium arang aktif 912,49mg/g-1595,46mg/g, daya serap benzena arang aktif 6,28-10,14%, dan daya serap metilen biru arang aktif 138,22-141,45mg/g. kualitas arang aktif terbaik diperoleh dari perlakuan suhu aktivasi 800 oC dengan konsentrasi 1% dan diaplikasikan sebagai penjernih air sumur di Dusun Kranggan, Galur, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. Karakteristik air sumur setelah dijernihkan dengan arang aktif meliputi ; warna (7,17 Pt-Co) terjadi penurunan 90,44%, kekeruhan (6,58 NTU) terjadi penurunan 84,43%, pH (7,93) terjadi kenaikan 16,62%, kesadahan (117,57 mg/L) terjadi penurunan 21,74%, kadar besi (0,19 mg/L) terjadi penurunan 92,69%, dan kadar mangan (0,14 mg/L) terjadi penurunan 53,33%. Hasil analisis tersebut menunjukkan peningkatan kualitas dan telah memenuhi Standar Mutu Air Bersih KEP. MENKES RI No. 416/Menkes/Per/IX/1990.

The research of activated carbon from bishop wood (B. javanica) was aimed for utilizing bishop wood in order to be processed into activated carbon, identifying the quality and characteristics of activated carbon from bishop wood, and identifying the interaction between activation temperature and concentration of NaOH towards the quality of activated carbon. The best quality of activated carbon would be used to improve the quality of well water. The research employed the completely randomized design which was made in a factorial manner with two factors, namely activation temperature (750oC, 800oC, and 850oC) and concentration of NaOH (1%, 1.25%, and 1.5%) with five replications respectively. The bishop wood (B. javanica) was carbonized by using an electrical retort at 400 oC for three hours. This research applied chemical and thermal activation. The quality of activated carbon was tested according to the Indonesian National Standard for the technical Standard Quality of Powdered Activated Carbon, SNI 06-3730-1995. The obtained data were analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Moreover, they would be tested further if there were significant differences with the honestly significant difference (HSD). The characteristics of activated carbon from bishop wood (B. javanica) were as follows: yield was 55.91-63.09%, moisture content 2.84-4.93%, volatile matter 42.71-53.97%, ash content 4.65-5.46%, fixed carbon 41.39%-51.85%, iodine adsorption 912.49-1595.46mg/g, benzene adsorption 6.28-10.14%, and blue methylene adsorption 138.22-141.45mg/g, respectively. The best quality of activated carbon was obtained at the activation temperature of 800oC and 1% NaOH concentration and applied as a well water purifier in Kranggan, Galur, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. After the purification, the characteristics of well water were as follows: color (7.17 Pt-Co) decreased by 90.44%, turbidity (6.58 NTU) decreased by 84.43%, pH (7.93) increased by 16.62%, hardness (117.57mg/L) decreased by 21.74%, ferrum (Fe) content (0.19mg/L) decreased by 92.69%, and manganese (Mn) content (0.14mg/L) decreased by 53.33%, respectively. The result of the analysis indicates that the quality of well water has been improved and complied with the Water Quality Standards according to Decree of the Minister of Health Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia Number 416/Menkes/Per/IX/1990.

Kata Kunci : arang aktif, kayu sikkam (B. javanica), suhu aktivasi, konsentrasi NaOH, penjernih air sumur