ANALISIS DESKRIPTIF PENELITIAN MENGGUNAKAN SAMPEL HERBAL SEBAGAI IMUNOMODULATOR DI FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN, FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN GIGI, FAKULTAS FARMASI UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA DAN RSUP DR.SARDJITO

AMALIYAH QISTHI AFIDATI, Prof.Dr. Mae Sri Hartati W.,M.Si.Apt.

2014 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER

Latar belakang: Peningkatan pengembangan dan penelitian herbal di beberapa instansi Indonesia salah satunya adalah topik herbal untuk imunomodulator. Belum adanya gambaran deskriptif herbal untuk imunomodulator diteliti di RSUP Dr. Sardjito (RSS) dan fakultas kesehatan Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) menjadi alasan perlunya penelitian ini dilaksanakan. Tujuan Penelitian: Melakukan karakterisasi penelitian, mengklasifikasi, dan mengevaluasi manfaat tanaman herbal terbanyak untuk imunomodulator di fakultas kesehatan UGM dan RSS. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka dari katalog perpustakaan, abstrak, dan naskah asli penelitian yang terdaftar dan dapat diakses di Perpustakaan Fakultas Kedokteran (FK) UGM, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi (FKG) UGM, Fakultas Farmasi (FA) UGM, dan RSS. Kemudian data yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, dikelompokkan, kemudian dihitung frekuensinya. Tiga dari tanaman terbanyak kemudian dievaluasi manfaatnya untuk imunomodulator. Hasil Penelitian: Ditemukan 88 judul penelitian (87% skripsi, 11% tesis, dan 2% disertasi) dengan persebaran 51 FA-UGM, 21 FK-UGM, 15-FKG UGM, dan 1 RSS. Penelitian paling banyak diteliti pada tahun 2012 (31) dan 2011 (23). 48 penelitian in vivo, 36 penelitian in vitro, dan 9 penelitian klinis. Target uji yang paling banyak diteliti adalah makrofag (31), dan limfosit (30). Tanaman yang paling banyak diteliti adalah Morinda citrofolia (12), Curcuma xanthorrhiza (7), Sechium edule (6), Piper crocatum (6), dan Nigella sativa (5). Kesimpulan: Morinda sp. memiliki efek imunostimulator dan antiinflamasi pada penelitian preklinis. Curcuma sp. terbukti preklinis sebagai imunostimulator, terbukti klinis dapat menurunkan reaksi alergi dan antiinflamasi. Nigella sp. adalah imunostimulator tapi menurunkan neutrofil pada penelitian preklinis.

Backgrounds : The researchs on herbs have been increasing by Indonesian institutions. One of the focus is on immunomodulation effect of herbs. Nevertheless, the descriptive analysis of this herb’s effect hasn’t done yet. This is the important of the study. Objective: Characterizing, classifying the researches, and evaluating the benefit of herbs which had been researched most in health faculty of UGM and RSS. Methods: This research used literature review from catalogues, abstracts, and original researches which are listed and accessed in Library of Fakultas Kedokteran (FK) UGM, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi (FKG) UGM, Fakultas Farmasi (FA) UGM, and RSS. The data, which is acccording with the inclusions and exclusion criteria, was classified and counted based on its frequency. Top three of the herbs were evaluated their benefits as immunomodulator. Result: There were 88 thesises (76 undergraduate, 10 postgraduate, and 1 master) which had detail 51-FA UGM, 21 FK-UGM, 15 FKG-UGM, and 1 RSS. Most reseaches were held in 2012 (31) and 2011 (23). 48 was in vivo, 36 in vitro, and 9 clinical experiments. The most targets of experiments were: macrophage (31) and lyphocyte (30). The top five herbs were used: Morinda citrofolia (12), Curcuma xanthorrhiza (7), Sechium edule (6), Piper crocatum (6), and Nigella sativa (5). Conclusion: Morinda sp. has immunostimulation and antiinflamation effect in clinical studies. Preclinical studies proved that curcuma sp. was not only an immunostimulator, but also an immunosupressan in allergic reaction, and antiinflamation. The study also proved that nigella sp. was an immunostimulator, but had an ability to reduce neutrophil. Key word: Descriptive, herb, immunomodulator, UGM, RSUP Dr. Sardjito.

Kata Kunci : deskriptif, herbal, imunomodulator, UGM, RSUP Dr.Sardjito.