Pertumbuhan dan hasil tumpangsari pada berbagai jarak tanam nilam dan populasi jagung manis

AKSARAH, Aris, Prof.Dr.Ir. Tohari, MSc

2001 | Tesis | S2 Agronomi

Percobaan lapangan untuk menentukan jarak tanam nilam dan populasi jagung manis yang optimum pada sistem tumpangsari nilam jagung manis, dilaksanakan d~ Kebun Penelitian Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta mulai Juni sampai September 2000. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan petak berlajur pola faktorial 3 x 4 dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah jarak tanam nilam dengan 3 aras yaitu, 100 cm x 100 cm, 100 cm x 75 cm dan 100 cm x 50 cm. Faktor kedua adalah populasi jagung manis dengan 4 aras yaitu, 0, 40.000, 80.000 dan 120.000 tanaman per hektar. Untuk mengetahui perbandingan hasil monokultur dengan tumpangsari jagung mNs telah ditanam pula jagung manis secara monokultur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Peningkatan jarak tanam nilam dari 100 cm x 50 cm menjadi 100 cm x 100 cm mempengaruhi pertumbuhan nilam yaitu, meningkatkan jumlah cabang, luas daun dan berat segar tanaman, meskipun menurunkan berat kering tanaman dan laju pertumbuhan tanman nilam dan tidak mempengaruhi hasil yang berupa daun nilam kering dan minyak atsiri (2) Peningkatan jarak tanam nilam berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan jagung manis yaitu meningkatkan berat kering tanaman tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap hasil jagung manis (3) Penyisipan jagung manis dengan populasi 40.000 sampai 120.000 tanaman per hektar mempengaruhi pertumbuhan nilam yaitu, menurunkan jumlah daun, jumlah cabang, sebaliknya meningkatkan luas daun, namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap hasil nilam (4) Penyisipan jagung manis pada pertanaman nilam dengan populasi yang semakin rneningkat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung manis yaitu, menurunkan tinggi tanaman, luas daun, diameter tongkol dan sebaliknya meningkatkan jumlah tongkol per hektar, berat segar tongkol per hektar serta produksi segar biji jagung manis per hektar (5) Nilai ATER tumpangsari nilam jagung manis pada jarak tanam nilam 100 cm x 75 cm dan populasi jagung manis 40.000 tanaman per hektar adalah tertinggi sebesar 2,30 yang setara dengan 120,63 kgha minyak nilam dan 9,OO t/ha tongkol segar jagung manis, meskipun tidak berbeda dengan nilai ATER lainnya dan (6) Hasil analisis kurva respon permukaan menunjukkan bahwa sistem tumpangsari terbaik adalah pada jarak tanam nilam 100 cm x 85 cm dan populasi jagung manis 120.000 tanaman per hektar

A field experiment to determine the optimum plant spacing of patchouli crop and population of sweet corn in an intercropping system was conducted at the Experimental Station Faculty of Agriculture Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta started from June to September 2000. A 3 x 4 factor treatments were arranged in Strip Plot Design with 3 replications. The first factor was plant spacing of patchouli crop with 3 level, i.e. : 100 cm x 100 cm, 100 cm x 75 cm and 100 cm x 50 cm. The second factor was population of sweet corn with 4 level, i.e. : 0, 40,000, 80,000 and 120,000 plants per hectare. To compare the yield of sweet corn in intercropping with those in monoculture, some plots of sweet corn monoculture were established The results of this research showed that (1) Increasing the plant spacing of patchouli crop from 100 cm x 50 cm up to 100 cm x 100 cm affected the growth of patchouli crop, i.e. increased, the amount of branches, the amount of leaf area, the fresh weight of plant, however, it could reduced the crop dry weight and the growth rate of the crop, however, it didn’t affect the crop yield of patchouli crop (2) Increasing the plant spacing affected the growth of sweet corn, i.e increased the dry weight of the crop, however, it didn’t affected the crop yield (3) Increasing the population of sweet corn fiom 40,000 up to 120,000 plants per hectare affected the growth of patchouli crop, i.e. reduced the amount of leaves and branches, increased the leaf area, however, it didn’t affect the crop yield of patchouli crop (4) Increasing the population of sweet corn, affected the growth and yield of sweet corn, namely, reduced the plant height, leaf area and the cob diameter, however, it could increased the cob number, the fiesh weight of the cob and the fresh weight of kernel (5) The ATER value of patchouli crophweet corn at the plant spacing of patchouli crop 100 cm x 75 cm and population of sweet corn 40,000 plants per hectare was highest. This treatment gave the 2.30 with the total yield of intercropping 120.63 kg/ha of aetheris oil of patchouli and 9.00 t/ha of sweet corn, however, this value was not difference from the other one, and (6) According to response surface curve analysis, however, the best of intercropping system was plant spacing of patchouli crop at 100 cm x 85 cm and population of sweet corn at 120,000 plants per hectare.

Kata Kunci : Tumpangsari Jagung,Nilam,Pertumbuhan