Kajian pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung dalam sistem pertanaman tumpangsari dengan kacang hijau

MULYONO, Bambang, Prof.Dr.Ir. Soemantri Sastrosoedarjo

2001 | Tesis | S2 Agronomi

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kebun Perndidikan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian (KP4) Universitas Gadjah Mada, yang bertempat di Kalitirto, Berbah, Sleman, Yogyakarta, berjenis tanah regosol dengan ketinggian 146 m di atas permukaan laut, mulai bulan Juli sampai Oktober 2000. Rancangan penel i tian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok lengkap (RAKL), dengan enam perlakuan proporsi tanam dan diulang 3 kali. Keenam perlakuan proporsi baris tanaman antara tanaman jagung dengan tanaman kacang hijau yaitu : M1 (1 : 0), M2 (0 : 1 ), TI (3 : 1 )> T2 (2 : 2). 7'3 ( 1 : l),danT4(1 : 3 ) . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1) mengetahui pengaruh berbagai proporsi baris tanaman jagung dengan kacang hijau terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil kedua tanaman tersebut dalam pertanaman tumpangsari, (2) mengetahui pengaruh berbagai proporsi baris tanaman yang dapat memberikan hasil total (kkal/ha) dan memberikan tingkat efisiensi tertinggi dalam pemanfaatan lahan (berdasarkan nilai total hasil relatifRYT atau nisbah kesetaraan luas lahan dan waktdATER). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : 1) tanaman kacang hijau di antara baris tanaman jagung dengan proporsi 25 YO - 75 YO pada pertanaman tumpangsari menurunkan hasil jagung sebesar 2 ?& 50%, 2) tanaman jagung di antara baris kacang hijau dengan proporsi 25% - 75% pada pertanaman tumpangsari menumnkan hasil kacang hijau sebesar 40% - 75%, 3) Hasil jagung tertinggi pada sistem pertanaman tumpangsari terdapat pada proporsi baris tanaman 3 : 1 yaitu 5080 kgha, sedangkan hasil jagung terendah pada proporsi baris tanaman 1 : 3, yaitu 2671 kg/ha, 4) hasil kacang hijau pada sistem pertanaman tumpangsari tertinggi pada proporsi baris tanaman 1 : 3, yaitu I203 kgha, sedangkan hasil terendah pada proporsi baris tanaman 3 : 1, yaitu 712 kgha, 5) nilai kalori tertinggi pada sistem pertanaman tumpangsari dicapai pada proporsi baris tanaman 3 : 1, yaitu 19098,90 kkalka, sedangkan nilai kalori terendah dicapai pada pertanaman monokultur kacang hijau, yaitu 4 I50,35 kkal/ha, 6) total hasil relatif tertinggi pada sistem pertanaman tumpangsari dicapai pada proporsi baris tanaman 2 : 2, yaitu 1,338 dan terendah dicapai pada proporsi baris tanaman 1 : 3, yaitu 1, 109, 7) interaksi antara jagung dengan kacang hjau bersifat suplementer pada proporsi bans tanaman 25% jagung : 75% kacang hijau berubah menjadi komplementer pada proporsi bans tanaman 75% jagung : 25% kacang hijau, 8) nilai kesetaraan luas x waktu (ATER) pada sistem pertanaman tumpangsari antara jagung dengan kacang hijau berturut-turut sebesar 1,503, 1,344, 1, 323, 1 , 256 dicapai oleh proporsi baris tanaman 2 : 2 , 3 : I , 1 : 3 dan 1 : 1.

The experiment was carried out at Agncultural Education Research, and Development Experimental Station of Gadjah Mada University at Kalitirto, Berbah, Sleman, Yogyakarta, from July up to October 2000. The design of this experiment was Randomized Completed Block Desip with six cropping proportion as treatment, with three replications. The plant rowpropOrtionwere:Ml ( I :0),M2(0: ]),TI (3: l),T2(2:2), T3(1: l), and T4 (1 : 3). The aim of the experiment were : (1) to study the efTect of various plant row proportion of maize vs. mung bean on the intercropping to the growth and yield of maize, (2) to study the effect of various plant row proportion of maize vs mung bean on the intercropping which gave highest total yield (kkalha) and efficiency level in land productivity (based on relative yield total/RYT or Area Time Equivalent Ratio /ATER). The result of the research showed that there was : 1 ) intercropped mung bean in row of maize at the plant row proportion 25% to 75% decreased maize yield about 2% - 50%, 2) intercropped maize in row of mung bean at the plant row proportion 25% to 75% decreased mung bean yield about 40% - 75%, 3) the highest yield of maize on the intercropping maize vs. mung bean was obtained at plant row proportion 3 : 1 that was 5080 kghectare and the lowest yield of maize was obtained at plant row proportion 1 : 3 that was 2671 kghectare, 4) the highest yield of mung bean on intercropping maize vs. mung bean was obtained at row plant proportion 1 : 3 that was 1203 kg/hectare and the lowest yield of mung bean was obtained at plant row proportion 3 : 1 that was 712 kghectare, 5) the highest value of calory on intercropping was obtained at plant row proportion 3 : 1 that was 19098,90 kkaVha and the lowest value of calory was obtained on sole cropping that was 4 150,35 kkalha, 6) the highest relative yield total (RYT) on intercropping was obtained at plant row proportion 2 : 2 that was 1,338 and the lowest relative yield total was obtained at plant row proportion 1 : 3 that wits 1,109, 7) interaction between maize and mungbean was supplementary if plant row proportion 2590 maize : 75% mungbean and 50% maize : 50% mungbean and was complementary if plant row proportion 75% maize : 25% mungbean, 8) the highest area time equivalency ratio (ATER) on intercropping maize vs. mung bean was obtained at plant row proportion 2 : 2 that was 1,503 and the lowest area time equivalency ratio was obtained at plant row proportion 1 : 1 that was 1.256

Kata Kunci : Tumpangsari Jagung,Kacang Hijau