GAMBARAN UPAYA PENCEGAHAN PRIMER DIABETES MELLITUS (DM) PADA INDIVIDU DENGAN RIWAYAT KELUARGA DM TIPE 2 DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS GODEAN 1 KABUPATEN SLEMAN YOGYAKARTA

PRILLI FEMITA DWI KIRANA, dr. I Dewa Putu Pramantara, Sp.PD., K-Ger

2013 | Skripsi | ILMU KEPERAWATAN

Latar Belakang: Riwayat keluarga Diabetes Mellitus (DM) merupakan faktor risiko dominan terjadinya DM karena adanya persamaan gen dan lingkungan. Orang dengan riwayat keluarga DM memiliki risiko dua sampai enam kali lebih besar untuk terkena DM dibanding orang yang tidak memiliki riwayat keluarga DM (Herrison et al., 2003). Hasil dari studi preventif pada individu dengan risiko DM memberi bukti bahwa DM tipe 2 bisa dicegah atau paling tidak bisa ditunda dengan melakukan perubahan gaya hidup (Heideman et al., 2011). Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui gambaran upaya pencegahan primer DM pada individu dengan riwayat keluarga DM tipe 2 di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Godean 1 Kabupaten Sleman Yogyakarta. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif eksploratif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Lokasi penelitian di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Godean 1 Kabupaten Sleman Yogyakarta. Subyek penelitian adalah individu usia 16-50 tahun yang memiliki riwayat keluarga DM. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Alat penelitian yang digunakan adalah instrumen Personal Diabetes Questionnaire (PDQ) analisis statistik yang dipergunakan adalah analisis univariat. Hasil : 54,5% responden berada dalam tahap tindakan kesiapan kontrol berat badan, 33,3% tahap prakontemplasi, 9,1% tahap kontemplasi, dan 3,0% tahap persiapan. 33,3% responden berada dalam tahap prakontemplasi kesiapan perubahan diet, 27,3% tahap persiapan, 27,3% tahap tindakan,dan 12,1% kontemplasi. 87,9% responden memiliki pengambilan keputusan diet yang kurang dan 4,0% responden memiliki pengambilan keputusan diet yang cukup. 69,4% responden belum pernah mengecek kadar gula darahnya, 19,4% kadang-kadang, dan 2,8% 1-2x seminggu. 97% responden aktif dalam aktivitas fisik kegiatan sehari-hari dan 3,0% responden yang tidak aktif. 45,5% responden melakukan olahraga dibawah anjuran, 27,25% tidak pernah melakukan olahraga, dan 27,25% responden melakukan olahraga sesuai anjuran Kesimpulan : Sebagian besar responden berada dalam tahap tindakan kesiapan perubahan berat badan, berada dalam tahap prakontemplasi kesiapan perubahan diet, memilik nilai yang kurang untuk pengambilan keputusan diet, belum pernah mengecek kadar gula darah, aktif dalam aktivitas fisik sehari-hari tapi melakukan olahraga dibawah anjuran.

Background: A family history of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a dominant risk factor for the occurrence of diabetes mellitus because of the similarities of genes and environment. People with a family history of diabetes have a risk two to six times more likely to be exposed to diabetes than people who do not have a family history of DM (Herrison et al., 2003). A result of a preventive study in individuals with a risk of DM gave evidence that type 2 DM can be prevented or at least delayed by changes in lifestyle (Heideman et al., 2011). Objective: To reveal the descrition of a primary prevention of DM in individuals with a family history of type 2 diabetes in Puskesmas Godean 1, district of Sleman, Yogyakarta. Methods: This study is an exploratory descriptive study using a cross sectional approach. The location of the study was in Puskesmas Godean 1, district of Sleman, Yogyakarta. The subjects were individuals aged 16-50 having a family history of DM. The sampling was done by applying purposive sampling technique. The research used instruments of Personal Diabetes Questionnaire (PDQ) and a univariate statistical analysis. Result: 54.5 % of respondents were in a readiness action stage of weight control, 33.3 % in a pre-contemplation stage, 9.1 % in a contemplation stage, and 3.0 % in a preparation stage. 33.3 % of respondents were in a pre-contemplation readiness stage of dietary changes, 27.3 % were in a preparation stage, 27.3 % were in an action stage, and 12.1 % were in a contemplation stage. 87.9 % of respondents have inadequate dietary decision-making and 4.0 % of respondents have adequate dietary decision making. 69.4 % of respondents had never checked their blood sugar levels, 19.4 % did sometimes, and 2.8 % did as often as once to twice a week. 97 % of respondents were active in daily physical activities and 3.0 % of respondents were not active. 45.5 % of respondents did exercise under a recommendation, 27.25 % never did any exercise, and 27.25 % of respondents did exercise as recommended. Conclusion: The majority of respondents were in the readiness action stage of changes in body weight, readiness pre-contemplation stage of dietary changes, had inadequate value for dietary decision making, had never checked blood sugar levels, and were active in daily physical activities but did excercise under recommendation.

Kata Kunci : pencegahan primer DM, riwayat keluarga DM