KEMAMPUAN RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU DALAM MEREDUKSI PENCEMARAN TANAH OLEH TIMBAL DI RING ROAD SELATAN YOGYAKARTA

ARVINA RATNANINGTYAS, Dr. Ir. Ambar Kusumandari, M.E.S.

2014 | Skripsi | KONSERV. SUMBER DAYA HUTAN

Perkembangan Kota Yogyakarta yang semakin pesat mengakibatkan Ring Road Selatan Yogyakarta mengalami penurunan kualitas lingkungan. Tanah di sekitar Ring Road Selatan mengalami pencemaran tanah oleh timbal. Ruang terbuka hijau mampu meredam kandungan timbal yang ada di udara sehingga mampu mengurangi pencemaran timbale dalam tanah. dari Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) mengetahui kemampuan RTH dalam mereduksi kandungan timbal dalam tanah (2) mengetahui keterkaitan antara kerapatan pohon RTH dengan kandungan timbal yang ada di dalam tanah RTH di Ring Road Selatan Yogyakarta. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling dengan meneliti RTH dengan berbagai variasi kerapatan. Masingmasing RTH dibagi menjadi tiga segmen, (1) depan, dekat sumber emisi, (2) tengah, dan (3) belakang RTH. Metode yang digunakan untuk membandingkan kerapatan pohon dengan kandungan timbal dalam tanah digunakan analisis statistik One Way Anova sedangkan untuk mengetahui keterkaitan antara kerapatan pohon dan kandungan timbal dalam tanah dianalisis secara deskriptif. Terdapat enam variasi kerapatan, secara berturut – turut yaitu 0, 558, 725, 1067, 1750, 1458 pohon/ha dengan kandungan timbal secara berturut-turut 18,796, 10,228, 13,412, 24,053, 37,072, dan 33,126 mg/kg. Kerapatan pohon dengan kandunga timbal dalam tanah tersebut berbeda signifikan dengan level signifikansi 0,03. Dari hasil tersebut menunjukkan ada dua hubungan, yaitu (1) Pada ruang terbuka tanpa vegetasi, RTH 1, dan RTH 2, semakin tinggi kerapatan vegetasinya maka kandungan timbale dalam tanah semakin kecil (2) Pada RTH 3, RTH 4, RTH 5, semakin tinggi kerapatan vegetasinya maka kandungan timbale dalam tanah juga semakin tinggi. Selain dipengaruhi oleh kerapatan vegetasi kandungan timbal dalam tanah juga dipengaruhi oleh kepadatan lalu lintas, curah hujan, dan jenis pohon.Kandungan timbale dalam tanah dari segmen depan kebelakang RTH semakin menurun.

The increasingly rapid development of Yogyakarta has resulted in a decline of environmental quality along the South Ring Road of Yogyakarta. The soil around the South Ring Road has been polluted by lead. Green Open Space (Ruang Terbuka Hijau–RTH) can reduce the lead content in the air, therefore it is assumed to potentially reduce lead contamination in the soil. The purposes of this study are (1) to identify the role of RTH in Reducing soil pollution by lead along the south Ring Road of Yogyakarta (2) to identify the relationship between vegetation density in open green space and the amount of lead content in the soil in order to recognize the role of RTH in reducing soil pollution by lead along the South Ring Road of Yogyakarta. middle (3) rear, at the back of RTH. Purposive sampling approach was applied on several RTH with various vegetation density. Each block of RTH was classified into three segment (1) front, closest to lead emission sources (2) Soil samples were taken compositely and analysed the lead content in soil using Spectrophotometer. In order to compare the vegetation densities and lead content in soil among RTH plots, One Way Anova was used for statistical analysis. The relationship between vegetation density and lead content in soil was analysed descriptively. of vegetation There are six variation density, which are, no tree, 558, 725, 1067, 1750, 1458 trees/ha. The lead content is 18.796, 10.228, 13.412, 24.053, 37.072, and 33.126 mg/kg, respectively. The vegetation density and lead content in soil were significantly different among RTHs with significance level is 0.03. The results showed that there are two types of relationship which are,(1) the open space without vegetation, RTH 1 and RTH 2, the higher vegetation density, the lower the lead content in soil (2) in the RTH 3, RTH 4, and RTH 5, the higher vegetation density, lead content in soil is also higher. Instead of only affected by vegetation density, the lead content in soil was affected by the number of vehicles, precipitation, and tree species. The lead content in soil decreased from the front segment to the rear segment.

Kata Kunci : ruang terbuka hijau, tanah, timbal