BIOAKTIVITAS DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK BATANG MAHKOTA DEWA [Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl.]

ANISA ALFIANA GAZIDY, Dr. Ganis Lukmandaru, S.Hut., M.Agr.Sc.

2013 | Skripsi | TEKNOLOGI HASIL HUTAN

Mahkota Dewa [Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl.] merupakan salah satu tumbuhan obat yang sering digunakan oleh masyarakat Indonesia, terutama pada bagian buah, daun, dan kulit batang. Meskipun demikian, belum ada penelitian yang mengevaluasi sifat kimia maupun ekstrak dari bagian batang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan bioaktivitas dan aktivitas antioksidan batang mahkota dewa yang didukung dengan analisis komponen ekstraktif. Batang pohon diperoleh dari Depok, Sleman, DI Yogyakarta. Serbuk batang bagian pangkal lolos 40 mesh diekstraksi berurutan dengan n-heksana, etil asetat, metanol, dan air. Analisis komponen ekstraktif berupa identifikasi metabolit sekunder dengan reaksi kimia, kromatografi lapis tipis, kromatografi gas – spektrometer massa (KG-SM), kadar fenolat total, dan kadar flavonoid secara kolorimetrik. Uji bioaktivitas terdiri dari antirayap pada rayap kayu kering (Cryptotermes cynocephalus Light) dan Uji Kematian Larva Udang (UKLU). Aktivitas antioksidan diuji dengan metode 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Analisis komponen ekstraktif secara kualitatif menunjukkan adanya senyawa terpenoid, steroid, alkaloid, dan saponin. Analisis secara kuantitatif menunjukkan rendahnya kadar fenolat total dan tidak terdeteksi flavonoid. Analisis KG-SM menunjukkan adanya 11 komponen utama. Fraksi terlarut nheksana dan etil asetat bersifat toksik terhadap rayap kayu kering (mortalitas rayap 41,67-95%) dan menunjukkan kehilangan berat paper disc terendah (0,37- 1,60 mg). UKLU menunjukkan keempat fraksi terlarut sangat toksik dan berpotensi sebagai antikanker (LC50 ≤ 30 ppm). Metode DPPH menunjukkan adanya aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai inhibisi relatif rendah (7,59-18,12%).

Mahkota Dewa [Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl.] is one of herbal plants which is accustomed to use by Indonesian, particularly its fruits, leaves, and barks. Nevertheless, there is no study that have evaluated the chemical properties nor extracts of the stem. This study elucidated the bioactivities and antioxidant activity of mahkota dewa stem which is supported with extractive compound analysis. The base part of the stem was obtained from Depok, Sleman, DI Yogyakarta. The stem powder of the base part in 40 mesh size was extracted successively with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water. The analysis of extractive compound consisted of identification of secondary metabolites by chemical reaction, thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS), total phenolic compound, and flavonoid compound by colorimetric method. Bioactivity experiments included antitermitic test to drywood termites (Cryptotermes cynocephalus Light) and Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Antioxidant activity was examined by 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The analysis of extractive compound by qualitative method showed that terpenoid, steroid, alkaloid, and saponin were detected. Further, the quantitative analysis showed the low level of total phenolic compound while flavonoids were not detected. GC-MS analysis showed the 11 main components. N-hexane and ethyl acetate soluble fractions were toxic to dry-wood termites (termites mortality of 41.67-95.00%) and exhibited the lowest weight loss of paper disc (0.37-1.60 mg). BSLT showed that all fractions were highly toxic and to be potential as an anticancer agent (LC50 ≤ 30 ppm). DPPH method gave the level of antioxidant activity in relatively low inhibition values (7.59-18.12%).

Kata Kunci : Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl., ekstraktif, antirayap, kematian larva udang, antioksidan.