SUKSESI EKOSISTEM MANGROVE DI TANAH TIMBUL LAGUNA SEGARA ANAKAN CILACAP DENGAN ANALISIS SPASIAL SECARA MULTI-TEMPORAL
HUDIYA RESA, Ni Putu Diana Mahayani, S.Hut, M.For
2014 | Skripsi | KONSERV. SUMBER DAYA HUTANEkosistem mangrove di Laguna Segara Anakan bersifat sangat dinamis akibat tingginya laju sedimentasi dan munculnya tanah timbul. Sedimentasi dapat meningkatkan akumulasi substrat lumpur dan mendukung perkembangan suksesi mangrove. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi laju perkembangan luas tanah timbul dan perkembangan suksesi mangrove. Informasi tersebut diharapkan dapat bermanfaat sebagai prioritas pengelolaan yang tepat antara penanganan sedimentasi serta pengelolaan mangrove yang memiliki peran penting dalam menjaga kelestarian ekosistem di Laguna Segara Anakan. Kajian dinamika suksesi mangrove dilakukan berdasarkan integrasi teknik penginderaan jauh, Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) dan survei lapangan. Pengamatan terhadap penambahan luas tanah timbul, perkembangan luas dan sebaran mangrove, menggunakan pendekatan teknik identifikasi, interpretasi serta klasifikasi supervised terhadap data satelit. Survei lapangan dilakukan untuk menguji kebenaran hasil interpretasi dan untuk mendapatkan data perkembangan suksesi mangrove. Lokasi penelitian dikelompokkan dalam tiga blok untuk setiap tingkatan suksesi yaitu, blok muda pada daerah tanah timbul baru, blok sedang pada daerah tanah timbul yang telah terbentuk lebih dahulu dan blok kontrol di luar tanah timbul dengan kondisi pertumbuhan mangrove alami serta minim gangguan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada tahun 1996 hingga 2013, laju pertambahan luas tanah timbul di Laguna Segara Anakan 21.1545 ha/tahun. Hingga September 2013, total luas tanah timbul di Laguna Segara Anakan yaitu 1041,878 ha. Suksesi mangrove di tanah timbul Laguna Segara Anakan didominasi tutupan mangrove pioner (54,92 %) Avicennia marina dan Sonneratia caseolaris dengan tingkatan hidup semai (12.211,54 individu/ha), dominasi asosiasi mangrove habitus semak (45,07 %) dengan jenis Acanthus ilicifolius dan Derris trifoliata yang tumbuh pada substrat dengan kandungan organik 1-1,5 %. Oleh sebab itu, suksesi di tanah timbul di Laguna Segara Anakan Cilacap tergolong dalam suksesi awal dengan jenis mangrove pionir.
The development of mangrove ecosystem in Laguna Segara Anakan is dynamic due to its high rate of sedimentation, which has been creating a new land on the lagoon. Sedimentation supplies mud substrates and supports the development of mangrove succession. This study aimed to identify the rate of land accretion development and succession of mangrove vegetation. The results is useful for prioritizing management between reducing the development of land accretion and managing the mangrove ecosystem which is significant for the sustainability of Laguna Segara Anakan. The succession of mangrove was studied by integrating remote sensing technique, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) approach and field survey. The development of its land accretion and vegetation cover on the mangrove forests, in terms of area and distribution, were observed through identification, interpretation and supervised classification technique of the satellite data. Field surveys were conducted to test the correctness of the interpretation of the results and to obtain the data of mangrove succession development. The study was classified into three block based on its succession stage i.e., the early stage of mangrove block, which is in the areas of new land, the middle stage of mangrove block developed during earlier period of land accretion and the mangrove control block of natural mangrove with minimum disturbance. Results of this study showed that from 1996 until 2013, the rate of the land accretion in Laguna Segara Anakan were 21.1545 ha/year. Until September 2013, total of the land accretion in Laguna Segara Anakan was 1041,878 ha, as the accumulation of sedimentation. Mangrove succession on the land accretion of Laguna Segara Anakan was observed from the development of vegetation cover dominated by the seedling of pioneer species (54,92 %) of Avicennia marina and Sonneratia caseolaris and shrubs (45,07 %) of Acanthus ebracteatus and Derris trifoliata which grow on the substrate with a range of organic matter content of 1- 1.5 %. In conclusion, the stage of mangrove succession on the land accretion of Laguna Segara Anakan was identified as early succession occupied by pioneer mangrove species.
Kata Kunci : mangrove, suksesi, Laguna Segara Anakan, analisis spasial
