Konsumsi sumber protein hewani pada tingkat rumah tangga di Jawa Tengah

WIDIYANTI, Rahayu, Dr.Ir. Dwidjono HD., MS

2001 | Tesis | S2 Ekonomi Pertanian

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi konsumsi sumber protein hewani yang terdiri atas daging, susu dan ikan pada tingkat rumah tangga di Jawa Tengah. Data yang digunakan adalah data mentah hasil SUSENAS 1993, 1996 dan 1999 untuk wilayah Jawa Tengah yang dikumpulkan oleh BPS. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode stratified proporsional random sampling. Dari populasi sebesar 20.600 unit rumah tangga diambir sampel sebanyak 600 unit. Jenis komoditas sumber protein hewani yang diamati secara mendalam terbatas pada sumber protein hewani yang banyak dikonsumsi oleh penduduk Jawa Tengah yaitu daging sapi, daging ayam ras, telur ayam ras, susu kental mania den ikan bandeng. Data SUSENAS yang merupakan data tersensor, dianalisis menggunakan model Tobit. Untuk mengestimasi model tersebut digunakan metode maksimum kemungkinan (NILE) datam bentuk logaritma. Disimpulkan konsumsi daging sapi dipengaruhi oleh harga daging sapi, jumlah anggota rumah tangga, pendapatan dan lokasi tempat tinggal. Keputusan untuk mengkonsumsi daging ayam ditentukan oleh harga daging ayam, harga ikan bandeng dan harga daging sapi. Konsumsi telur ayam dipengaruhi oleh harga telur ayam, harga ikan bandeng, harga daging sapi, harga daging ayam dan harga beras. Konsumsi ikan bandeng dipengaruhi oleh harga ikan bandeng, harga daging sapi, harga daging ayam dan faktor lingkungan (periode normal-krisis). Konsumsi susu kental mania dipengaruhi oleh harga susu kental mania, harga susu bubuk, tingkat pendidikan formal ibu, lokasi tempat tinggal dan faktor lingkungan. Daging sapi dan susu kental manis merupakan barang mewah, sedangkan daging ayam, telur ayam dan ikan bandeng merupakan barang kebutuhan pokok.

The objective of the research was to identify factors affecting consumption of animal protein recourses, such as meats, eggs, milks, and fishes at household level in Central Java. Data obtained were the primary data of SUSENAS for Central Java in the years of 1993, 1996, and 1999, which were collected by BPS. Sampling Method occupied was stratified' proportional random sampling. Out of 20.600 household populations, 600 units were taken as samples. Observed commodities were limited to animal protein consumed by most people of Central Java, such as beef meat, chicken meat, evaporated milk, and bandeng fish. Sencoric data of SUSENAS were analyzed by using Tobit model, estimating method of maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) was applied. That was concluded that consumption of beef were influenced by its own price, family size, family income, and place the family live. Decision in consuming chicken meat also depend on its own price as well as the prices of the fish and beef. Moreover, consumption of chicken egg not only was affected by its own price but also by the prices of the fish, beef, thicken meat, and rice. Consumption of the fish, as the others, was controlled by its own price, besides by beef price, thicken meat price, and environmental factor (normal to economic crises period). Consumption of evaporated milk were influenced by its own price, price of milk powder, education of the mother, family income, place the family live, and environmental factor. Beef meat and evaporated milk were treated as luxuriuous consumption, while thicken meat and egg as well as bandeng fish were primary consumption.

Kata Kunci : konsumsi, sumber protein hewani, Tobit, data tersensor, consumption, animal protein resources, Tobit, cencory data