PENGARUH METODE ISOLASI TERHADAP RENDEMEN DAN KOMPOSISI KIMIA MINYAK ATSIRI Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb SERTA UJI AKTIVITASNYA SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN DAN ANTIBAKTERI

PUTRI ERNIA WATI, Dra. Endang Astuti M.Si.; Deni Pranowo S.Si., M.Si.

2013 | Skripsi | KIMIA

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai isolasi minyak atsiri Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb serta uji aktivitasnya sebagai antioksidan dan antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemilihan metode isolasi minyak atsiri, mengidentifikasi komponen senyawa yang terkandung dalam minyak atsiri Curcuma aeruginosa, serta melakukan uji aktivitas antioksidan dan antibakteri secara in vitro. Rimpang C. aeruginosa dipotong-potong dan dikering-anginkan. Setelah itu dilakukan isolasi minyak atsiri dengan variasi metode distilasi yaitu distilasi air, distilasi uap-air dan distilasi uap selama 6 jam. Identifikasi minyak atsiri hasil distilasi dilakukan dengan Gas Cromatography-Mass Spectra (GC-MS), kemudian dilakukan pengujian aktivitas antioksidan secara in vitro dengan metode penangkapan radikal bebas 1,1-difenil-2-pikrihidrazil (DPPH) dan dilakukan uji aktivitas antibakteri. Hasil distilasi yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa rendemen minyak atsiri hasil distilasi air, distilasi uap-air dan distilasi uap berturut-turut adalah 0,18%, 0,13% dan 0,065% (v/b). Identifikasi komponen minyak atsiri hasil ketiga variasi metode distilasi menunjukkan senyawa utama yang sama yaitu curcumol. Aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi pada penangkapan radikal bebas DPPH sebesar 74,22% (minyak atsiri hasil distilai uap) dan 61,93% (minyak atsiri hasil distilasi air). Minyak atsiri tersebut dapat dijadikan sebagai antioksidan karena aktivitas antioksidannya lebih besar dari 50%. Aktivitas antibakteri minyak atsiri hasil distilasi uap menunjukkan Diameter Hambat Minimum (DHM) sebesar 6,625 mm pada bakteri Staphlococcus aureus dan 10,125 mm pada bakteri Salmonella thypossa. Minyak atsiri C. aeruginosa hasil distilasi uap dapat dinyatakan sebagai antibakteri karena memiliki DHM > 2 mm.

A research related to isolation of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb essential oil and its activation test as antioxidant and antibacterial has been investigated. The research aimed to determine the effect of selection method for essential oil isolation, identity component compound in the Curcuma aeruginosa essential oil, and do antioxidant and antibacterial activity test through in vitro method. C. aeruginosa rhizome has been cut to in pieces and dried by air circulation. Furthermore, isolation of essential oil has been done for 6 hours through distillation method variation which one water distillation, water-steam distillation and steam distillation. Identification of essential oil distilled has been performed by Gas Cromatography-Mass Spectra (GC-MS), and followed in vitro testing of antioxidant activity using 1,1-difenil-2-pikrihidrazil (DPPH) free radical capture method and do testing of antibacterial activity. Distillation result showed that yield of essential oil using water distillation, water-steam distillation and steam distillation were respectively 0.180%, 0.130% and 0.065% (v/b). Identification of essential oil components for the three variations distillation result showed the same main compounds that was curcumol. The highest antioxidant activity on free radical DPPH capture was 74.22% (essential oil from steam distillation) and 61.93% (essential oil from water distillation). Essential oil can be used as an antioxidant agent because of its antioxidant activity that was more than 50%. Antibacterial activity of essential oil using steam distillation at showed as many as 6.25 mm Minimum Inhibition Diameter (MID) in Staphylococcus aureus and as many as 10.125 mm in Salmonella thypossa bacteria. C. aeruginosa essential oil using steam distillation can be expressed as an antibacterial activity because it has MID point higher than 2 mm.

Kata Kunci : Curcuma aeruginosa, minyak atsiri, antioksidan, antibakteri