MASA KERJA, KADAR TIMBAL DARAH DAN KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI PADA PETUGAS PARKIR DI JL. MALIOBORO YOGYAKARTA

Yohanes Krisostomus Deyot, Prof.Dr.dr. Adi Heru Sutomo, M.Sc

2013 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar belakang: Sejak dimulainya era industri, keracunan akibat timbal semakin meluas terutama akibat pemakaian bahan bakar bertimbal. Pemakaian bahan bakar bertimbal menyebabkan peningkatan kadar timbal di lingkungan. Apabila masyarakat sering terpapar timbal di lingkungan, kadar timbal dalam darah pun semakin meningkat.Meningkatnya kadar timbal dalam darah akan menimbulkan berbagai masalah kesehatan. Salah satu masalah kesehatan yang dapat muncul adalah hipertensi. Petugas parkir adalah salah satu kelompok berisiko tinggi terapar timbal yang berasal dari gas buangan kendaraan bermotor. Tujuan:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan masa kerja dengan kadar timbal darah dan hubungan kadar timbal darah dengan kejadian hipertensi pada petugas parkir di Jl. Malioboro, Yogyakarta. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan yang bersifat observasional dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan,terdapat 43 responden dengan kadar Pb darah ≤ 5 μg/dl dan 10 responden dengan kadar Pb darah >5 μg/dl. Terdapat 44 responden yang tidak hipertensi dan 9 responden yang mengalami hipertensi. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa, tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara masa kerja dengan kadar Pb darah (p = 0,453, r = -0,105), sementara itu terdapat hubungan bermakna dengan korelasi positif yang lemah antara kadar Pb darah dengan kejadian hipertensi (p = 0,001, r = 0,222, RR = 8,6). Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian tidak terdapat hubungan masa kerja dengan kadar Pb darah dan terdapat hubungan kadar Pb darah dengan kejadian hipertensi dengan korelasi positif yang lemah, pada petugas parkir di Jl. Malioboro, Yogyakarta.

Background: Since the beginning of industry era, toxicity by lead was increasingly widespread, especially by the usage of lead in gasoline. The usage of lead in gasoline causes the enhancement of lead level in environment. If the society is exposed continually by lead in environment, lead level in blood also will get higher. The enhancement of lead level in blood will generate many health problems. One of health problems that can be generated by the enhancement of blood lead level is hypertension. Parking officer is one of the high risk populations to be exposed by lead that is derived from the emission of vehicles. Objective: This research aimed to investigate the correlation between working period with blood lead level and the correlation between blood lead level and incidence of hypertension. Methods: This research was observational field research with cross sectional design. Sampling technique was purposive sampling. Result: The research result showed that, there were 43 respondents with blood lead level ≤ 5 μg/dl and 10 respondents with blood lead level > 5 μg/dl. There were 44 respondents with no hypertension and 9 respondents with hypertension. Bivariate analyze result showed that, there was no correlation between working period with blood lead level (p = 0,453, r = -0,105), meanwhile there was weak positive correlation between blood lead level with hypertension (p = 0,001, r = 0,222, RR = 8,6). Conclusion: This research showed that, there was no correlation between working period with blood lead level and there was weak positive correlation between blood lead level with hypertension

Kata Kunci : Masa kerja, kadartimbal darah, hipertensi, petugas parkir