ANALISIS PENERAPAN TRANSFORMASI BISNIS: STUDI PADA PT POS INDONESIA (PERSERO) TAHUN 2012

Mujiyanto, Prof. Dr. Eduardus Tandelilin, MBA.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Magister Ek.Pembangunan

Transformasi atau perubahan organisasi menjadi keniscayaan bagi organisasi bisnis dalam menyikapi pasar dan lingkungan bisnis yang terus berubah seiring dengan perkembangan sosial, ekonomi, politik, teknologi dan sebagainya. Perusahaan dituntut untuk peka terhadap perubahan. Bagi perusahaan yang mampu mengelola perubahan dengan baik akan berkembang, namun bagi mereka yang tidak mampu mungkin akan berjuang untuk bisa bertahan hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penerapan transformasi bisnis PT Pos Indonesia, meliputi faktor-faktor yang mendorong perusahaan melakukan transformasi, tahapan implementasinya, mengidentifikasi faktor pendukung dan penghambat keberhasilan, serta dampak transformasi terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan. Metoda penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi kepustakaan untuk memperoleh data sekunder yang berfungsi sebagai landasan teori, serta penelitian lapangan untuk memperoleh data primer melalui penelaahan dokumen mengenai perusahaan dan proses transformasi bisnis yang dilakukan, serta didukung dengan wawancara baik lisan maupun tertulis dengan unsur penyusun kebijakan transformasi bisnis PT Pos Indonesia di pusat, maupun unit kerja pelaksana teknis pada Kantor Pos Yogyakarta dan Cilacap. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dan disajikan dalam bentuk deskripsi, tabel, maupun gambar agar dapat memberikan gambaran yang lebih jelas mengenai permasalahan yang dibahas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor berupa kemajuan teknologi informasi yang mengubah gaya hidup masyarakat dalam berkomunikasi, kebijakan liberalisasi industri pos, serta peran strategis sebagai penyedia public service obligation menjadi penyebab utama PT Pos Indonesia melakukan transformasi bisnis; kebijakan pemberdayaan (empowerment) melalui perubahan struktur organisasi belum berjalan efektif; serta upaya meningkatkan brand image perusahaan melalui modernisasi fisik belum tercapai secara optimal. Selain itu PT Pos Indonesia memiliki faktor pendukung keberhasilan transformasi meliputi konektivitas, kepemilikan aset yang besar, dukungan pemerintah, serta pengalaman dalam bisnis pos, namun di sisi lain juga memiliki kelemahan dalam komposisi dan kompetensi sumber daya manusia, serta reputasi perusahaan yang kurang baik dibanding perusahaan pesaing. Hasil analisis terhadap kinerja keuangan menunjukkan bahwa posisi likuiditas PT Pos Indonesia aman dari risiko technical insolvency, rasio aktivitas dan profitabilitas cukup baik, serta rasio solvabilitas dalam posisi aman dari risiko solvabel namun perlu kehati-hatian untuk menambah dana melalui hutang jangka panjang. Hasil analisis tingkat kesehatan BUMN menunjukkan PT Pos Indonesia tahun 2012 berada pada kategori Sehat “A”, stabil dari periode sebelumnya tahun 2011.

Transformation or organizational change becomes a necessity for business organizations in addressing the market and business environment are constantly changing along with the development of social, economic, political, technological and so on. Companies are required to be sensitive to change. For companies that are able to manage change well will evolve, but for those who can not possibly be struggling to survive. This study aims to analyze the implementation of business transformation of PT Pos Indonesia, including the factors that drive corporate transformation, implementation stages, analyzing factors supporting and inhibiting success, as well as the impact of the transformation of the company's financial performance. The method used is descriptive with qualitative approaches. Data was collected through library research to obtain secondary data that serves as the theoretical basis, as well as field research to obtain primary data through review of documents about the company and the business transformation process, and supported by both oral and written interviews with policymakers elements of business transformation of PT Pos Indonesia in the central office, as well as technical unit at the Post Office Yogyakarta and Cilacap. The data obtained were then analyzed and presented in the form of descriptions, tables, and images in order to provide a clearer picture of the issues discussed. The results showed that factors such as advances in information technology are changing the lifestyle of people in communicating, the postal industry liberalization policies, as well as the strategic role as a provider of public service obligation is a major cause of PT Pos Indonesia implemented business transformation; policy of empowerment through changes in organizational structure have not been effective as well as efforts to enhance the company's brand image through physical modernization has not achieved optimally. In addition, PT Pos Indonesia has the factors of the success of the transformation include connectivity support, has a large amount of assets, government support, and business experience in the post, but on the other hand also has a weakness in the composition and competence of human resources, as well as the reputation of the company is worse than the company's competitors. The results of the analysis of the financial performance showed that the liquidity position of PT Pos Indonesia has safe from the risk of technical insolvency. While the activity and profitability ratios are quite good, as well as the solvency ratio in the safe position of solvable risk but care should be taken to raise fund through long-term debt. The results of the firm health-level analysis showed that PT Pos Indonesia was in health category \\\\"A\\\\" in 2012, steady from the previous period in 2011.

Kata Kunci : transformasi, perubahan organisasi, model perubahan, pemberdayaan, modernisasi, fix the basics, kinerja keuangan