STRATEGI PENGENDALIAN PENCEMARAN AIR BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DI DAS GAJAHWONG
Siti Puji Lestariningsih, Dr. Sri Run Giyarsih, M. Si
2014 | Tesis | S2 GeografiPermasalahan di DAS Gajahwong adalah pencemaran air sungai yang tergolong tercemar berat akibat kegiatan pertanian, domestik,dan industri. Tujuan penelitian ini terkait dengan permasalahan tersebut adalah (1)mengetahui dampak pencemaran air sungai,(2) persepsi masyarakat terhadap program pengendalian pencemaran air, (3)kesukarelaan membayar (WTP) program pengendalian pencemaran air, (4)faktor yang memperngaruhi nilai WTP, dan (5)strategi pengendalian pencemaran air Sungai Gajahwong. Lokasi penelitian dipilih secara purposive , sedangkan pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner pada 100 responden dan wawancara mendalam terhadap 12 orang. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi nilai WTP diuji dengan regresi linear berganda, sedangkan perumusan strategi pengendalian pencemaran air Sungai Gajahwong dilakukan dengan analisis SWOT. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pencemaran air Sungai Gajahwong berdampak buruk terhadap kegiatan ekonomi responden di bagian hulu, sedangkan di bagian tengah berdampak pada kesehatan dan di bagian hilir berdampak pada kegiatan sehari-hari. Tingkat persepsi responden terhadap program pengendalian pencemaran air sungai di hulu lebih tinggi dibandingkan persepsi responden di tengah dan hilir. Meskipun demikian, nilai kemauan membayar program tersebut di hilir lebih tinggi yaitu Rp 4.700,00/ KK/ bulan. Hasil regresi menunjukkan adanya pengaruh cukup kuat antara nilai WTP dengan faktor umur, lama tinggal, jarak, lama sekolah, pendapatan, dan pengeluaran rumah tangga yang dibuktikan dengan nilai R hulu 0,675, tengah 0,813, dan hilir 0,602. Faktor yang pengaruhnya positif terhadap nilai WTP baik di hulu, tengah, dan hilir adalah pendapatan rumah tangga dan persepsi, sedangkan faktor yang pengaruhnya berbanding terbalik dengan WTP yaitu umur responden, jumlah anggota rumah tangga, dan pengeluaran. Strategi pengendalian pencemaran air Sungai Gajahwong berdasarkan analisis SWOT dilakukan dengan meningkatkan identifikasi sumber pencemar air, pemantauan dan pengawasan terhadap pembuangan limbah, meningkatkan pembinaan terhadap pelaku usaha dan masyarakat, meningkatkan pengadaan dan pemeliharaan sarana dan prasarana pendukung pengendalian pencemaran air sungai, serta meningkatkan koordinasi antar pemangku kepentingan.
The problems in Gajahwong watershes is pollution heavily polluted river due to agricultural, domestic, and industria activities. The purpose of this study related to the problem 1s (1) to determine the impact of the river pollution, (2) to determine public perception of water pollution control program, (3) to determine willingness to pay (WTP), (4) to determine the factors that affect the value of WTP, and (5) to determine strategies pollution in Gajahwong river. Research areas were selected purposively, while the data collection is done by using questionnaires to interview 100 respondents and in-depth interviews. Factors affecting WTP values are tested with multiple linear regression, while the formulation of strategies control the river pollution in Gajahwong river is done with SWOT analysis. Descriptive analyzes are conducted by quantitative and qualitative method. The results shows that the river pollution in Gajahwong river have a negative impact to economic activity of the respondents in upstream area of the watershed, whereas in the middle and downstream impact are mostly on the health and daily activities. Level of respondents perceptions of water pollution control program in the upper river is higher than level of respondents in the middle and downstream areas. Nevertheless, WTP value in downstream is Rp 4.700,00/ household / month, higher than WTP value in upstream and middle watershed. Regression results indicate a fairly strong effect between WTP values by factor of age, length of stay, distance, length of time at school, income, and household expenditure. R values from regresion in upstream 0,675, midstream 0,813, and downstream 0,602. Factors that influence positive to the value of WTP in both upstream, midstream, and downstream are the household income and perceptions, while the factors that influence WTP are inversely proportional to the respondent's age, number of household members, and expenditures. Regression results indicate a fairly strong effect between WTP values by a factor of age, length of stay, distance, length of time at school, income, and household expenses. Factors that influence positive or proportional to the value of WTP are the household income, while the factors that influence WTP is inversely proportional to the respondent's age, number of household members, and expenditures. Strategies to control pollution in Gajahwong river from SWOT analysis are improve the identification of sources of water pollution, monitoring and supervision of waste disposal, guidance to businesses and people, improving the procurement and maintenance of facilities and infrastructure to support river water pollution control, and improve coordination among stakeholder.
Kata Kunci : pencemaran air sungai, WTP, strategi pengendalian
