AIRBORNE PENICILLIUM PEMBAWA GEN ALERGEN VACUOLAR SERINE PROTEASE PADA UDARA DALAM RUANGAN RUMAH SAKIT DR. SARDJITO YOGYAKARTA

ANDIKA SIDAR, Prof. Dr. Ir. Endang Sutriswati Rahayu, MS.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Bioteknologi

Mikobiota yang tergolong airborne mold atau mold pada udara dalam ruang dilaporkan sangat beragam dan genus Penicillium termasuk mold yang sering ditemukan pada udara dalam ruangan. Spora mold yang terdispersi dalam udara dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan, salah satunya alergi. Hal tersebut dikarenakan adanya gen alergen yang dimiliki mold. Mold golongan Penicillium dilaporkan beberapa diantaranya memiliki gen pembawa alergen mayor yaitu vacuolar serine protease. Keadaan tersebut tentunya bersifat merugikan bagi penghuni ruangan, salah satunya ruangan Rumah Sakit yang merupakan tempat perawatan pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat ragam isolat airborne mold dan golongan Penicillium yang memiliki gen pengkode alergen vacuolar serine protease pada 15 ruangan Rumah Sakit Dr. Sardjito. Metode penelitian diawali dengan pengambilan sampel airborne mold secara non-volumetric pada tiap ruangan menggunakan medium DG-18. Selanjutnya identifikasi morfologi dilakukan pada seluruh isolat airborne mold berdasarkan karakteristik makromorfologi dan mikromorfologi tiap isolat pada medium MEA dan CYA. Deteksi gen pengkode alergen dilakukan pada mold golongan Penicillium berdasarkan amplifikasi PCR gen alergen vacuolar serine protease dengan new degenerate primer design, kemudian dilakukan identifikasi spesies secara molekuler berdasarkan amplifikasi gen β-tubulin pada Penicillium yang terdeteksi membawa gen alergen vacuolar serine protease. Dalam penelitian ini diperoleh sebanyak 150 isolat airborne mold yang terdiri dari 10 genus yaitu Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Eurotium, Curvularia, Alternaria, Paaecilomyces, Fusarium, Chaetomium, dan Aureobasidium. Genus Penicillium, Aspergillus, dan Cladosporium merupakan genus mayoritas yang ditemukan pada tiap ruang. Spesies mold golongan Penicillium yang terdeteksi membawa gen pengkode alergen vacuolar serine protease adalah P.citrinum (hasil isolasi dari Ruang Poliklinik edelweis/perawatan HIV, Poliklinik kanker, Perawatan Telinga Hidung Tenggorokan (THT), dan Ruang Tunggu Pasien), P. steckii (hasil isolasi dari ruang Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD), Perawatan Pulmonologi, dan Perawatan THT), dan P. copticola (hasil isolasi dari ruang Poliklinik anak). Masing-masing spesies pembawa alergen tersebut memiliki prosentase 9,3% (P. citrinum), 4,6% (P. steckii), dan 3,3% (P. copticola) dari 150 isolat yang diperoleh.

Airborne mold from indoor environment are vary, which is Penicillium are commonly prevalent. Exsposure of mold dispersed in the air can affect health, such as allergy or hypersensitivity. It is due to mold encoding allergen gene. Vacuolar serine protease gene was reported as the major allergen gene from Penicillium. Existing mold encoding allergen may harm individu inside the room, particularly in the hospital environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the isolates diversity of indoor airborne mold and identified Penicillium species encoding allergen vacuolar serine protease gene from several indoors air hospital. Methods to accomplish this purpose was started with sampling airborne mold in several rooms using DG-18 medium, then inoculated each isolate into MEA and CYA medium for morphological identification based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. Allergen detection was done based on PCR amplification of vacuolar serine protease gene using degenerate primer design and continued with molecular identification of allergenic Penicillium species based on amplification of β-tubulin gene. The result showed that total isolates found were 150 isolates which consists of 10 genus, there were Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Eurotium, Curvularia, Alternaria, Paaecilomyces, Fusarium, Chaetomium, and Aureobasidium. Moreover, Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Cladosporium were found predominant. Based on allergen vacuolar serine protease gene detection, Penicillium species encoding vacuolar serine protease allergen gene were P.citrinum (isolated from HIV-Care Room, Cancer Treatment Room, Ear-Nose-Throat Disease Care Room, and Patient Waiting Room), P. steckii (isolated from Emergency Room, Pulmonary-care room, and Ear-Nose-Throat Disease Care Room), and P. copticola (isolated from Polyclinic for Children). Percentage of each Penicillium species encoding allergen gene were 9,3% (P. citrinum), 4,6% (P. steckii), and 3,3% (P. copticola) based on 150 isolates found.

Kata Kunci : Penicillium, Vacuolar serine protease, Mold, Rumah Sakit