PRAKTIK TANGGUNG JAWAB SOSIAL PERUSAHAAN DI PT. BAKRIE SUMATERA PLANTATIONS TBK UNIT JAMBI Kajian Kcbijakan Publik dan Strategi Perusehaan

Suwandi, Prof. Dr. Yeremias T. Keban, MURP

2013 | Disertasi | S3 STUDI KEBIJAKAN

Perusahaan di seluruh dunia telah menjalankan tanggung jawab sosial dengan tingkatkomitmen dan strategi yang berbeda-beda. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keberhasilan praktik CSRoleh BSP Unit Jambi,suatu perusahaan pekebunan kelapa sawit.Strategi yang digunakan adalah Kemitraan Inti-Plasma di mana perusahaan bertindak selaku inti danpara petani menjadi plasma. Selain itu, perusahaan juga menjalankan CSR di bidangbidang lainnya. Praktik CSR dihipotesiskan dipengaruhi oleh regulasipemerintah dan strategi perusahaan. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui survei, wawancara, dan diskusi kelompok terfokus, serta pengamatan di lapangan.Sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari berbagai dokumen. Kuesioner didistribusikan kepada 456 petani di 12 desa dan 16 karyawan BSP. Adapun wawancara dan FGD melibatkan tokoh-tokoh kunci dan pihak-pihak yang berkompeten. Data yang dikumpulkan selanjutnya dianalisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif.Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa regulasi pemerintah tidak memengaruhi praktik CSR. Sebaliknya, komitmen perusahaan dan strategi perusahaan merupakan penentu keberhasilan praktik CSR. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa praktik CSR telah berkontribusi terhadap perbaikan kondisi ekonomi dan sosial masyarakat. Kemitraan Inti-Plasma mampu meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat dengan signifikan. Di samping itu, praktik CSR telah mendukung perbaikan bidang kehidupan masyarakat lainnya, seperti pendidikan, kesehatan, dan keagamaan, termasuk dalam penyediaan infrastruktur dasar.Kelemahan yang paling menonjol adalah bahwa kebijakan dan strategi CSR masih bersifat atas-bawah danketerlibatan masyarakat belum memadai. Intensitas kunjungan dan komunikasi di antara karyawan perusahaan dengan masyarakat masih kurang.Banyak informasi penting mengenai CSR yang tidak tersebar dengan baik dankegiatan-kegiatan CSR juga belum terdistribusi sesuai dengan prioritas kebutuhan masyarakat lokal.Temuan empiris lainnya adalah bahwa praktik CSR di bidang perkebunan kelapa sawit melalui Kemitraan Inti-Plasma dapat menerapkan prinsip-prinsip CSR yang berlaku umum pada bidang-bidang usaha lainnya.

Companies all over the world have implemented corporate social responsibility with various levels of commitment and strategies. This research is aimed to analyze factors affecting the successful of CSR practice by Bakrie Sumatera Plantations Unit Jambi, a palm oil plantation company. The strategy used was a Nucleus-Plasma Partnership where the company acted as a nucleus and the farmers behaving as plasma. In addition, the company was also performed CSR in other sectors. The CSR practice was hypothesized to be influenced by related government regulation and corporate strategy. The primary data was collected through survey, interviews, focused group discussion, and direct observation in the field. Meanwhile, the secondary data was gathered from various documents. The questionnaire was distributed to 456 farmers in 12 villages and 16 BSP’s employees. Whereas the various key persons and appropriate resource persons were involved in the interviews and FGD. The data was then analyzed by using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The result shows that the government regulation CSR has no impact on the CSR practice. On the reverse, the corporate commitment and strategy were the decisive factors in the successful of CSR practice. This research also found that the CSR practice has contributed to the improvement of people’s economic and social conditions. The Nucleus- Plasma Partnership was able to increase people’s income significantly. Besides, the CSR practice has supported the improvement of the other people’s living sectors including education, health, and religious, and providing various basic infrastructures. The prominent weakness is that the CSR policies and strategies were actually top-down and the participation of local people were limited. Visits and communications between company’s employees and people were not intensive. Important information on CSR was not distributed appropriately and CSR activities were not distributed in a good manner according to the priorities of local people. The other empirical finding is that the CSR practice in palm oil plantation through Nucleus-Plasma Partnership was able to implement the basic principles of CSR which were prevail generally in different sector of businesses.

Kata Kunci : kebijakan CSR pemerintah, karakteristik wilayah, komitmenperusahaan, strategi perusahaan, praktik CSR, kemitraan inti-plasma, kelapa sawit