AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK KLOROFORM DAN METANOL DAUN Pandanus spp. DAN KORELASINYA DENGAN KARAKTER ANATOMIS

TRI YUNI INDAH WULANSARI, Prof. Dr. L. Hartanto Nugroho, M. Agr

2013 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Pandanus merupakan tumbuhan yang banyak terdapat di daerah subtropis dan tropis seperti Indonesia. Pandanus umumnya dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sebagai pewarna dan pemberi aroma makanan serta bahan pembuat kerajinan tangan. Secara farmakologis, beberapa spesies telah diketahui memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan daun tujuh spesies Pandanus serta mengetahui anatomi daun untuk dikorelasikan dengan aktivitas antioksidan. Parameter yang diteliti adalah aktivitas antioksidan, kandungan fenol total, kandungan flavonoid total dan karakter anatomi. Ekstraksi sampel dilakukan secara maserasi dengan pelarut metanol dan kloroform. Pengukuran aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode 1,1-dyphenyl,2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Preparat anatomi dibuat dengan metode free hand section dan kemudian diukur tebal kutikula, helai daun, epidermis atas dan bawah, hipodermis atas dan bawah, jaringan palisade dan jaringan bunga karang, serta panjang papilla dan jumlah sel sekresi. Data kemudian dianalisis menggunakan Anava dua arah dan uji LSD dengan taraf uji α = 5% serta dilanjutkan dengan uji korelasi regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antioksidan daun tujuh spesies Pandanus sangat rendah dibandingkan quersetin. P. kurzii yang diekstrak dengan metanol memiliki kemampuan menangkap radikal bebas yang paling tinggi dengan persentase 37,18%. Kandungan fenol total dan kandungan flavonoid total pada ekstrak metanol memiliki kontribusi terhadap aktivitas antioksidan sebesar 85,7% dan 52,9%. Kandungan fenol total dan kandungan flavonoid total pada ekstrak kloroform tidak memiliki korelasi positif terhadap aktivitas antioksidan. Korelasi positif terhadap karakter anatomi daun terjadi pada hubungan tebal palisade dengan nilai aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak kloroform serta hubungan jumlah sel sekresi dengan nilai kandungan fenol total ekstrak metanol, kandungan flavonoid total ekstrak metanol dan kandungan flavonoid total ekstrak kloroform.

Pandanus is a genus that commonly grows in subtropic and tropic area like Indonesia. Daily activities, Pandanus are used as a dye, food aromas and crafts raw material. Pharmacologically, some species have been known as an antioxidant material. The research purposes was to find out the antioxidant activity of the seven species and its correlation with anatomical characters. The paramaters measured included the antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and the anatomical characters. The sample extraction was conducted using maceration method with methanol and chloroform as the solvents. The antioxidant activity was measured using 1,1- dyphenyl,2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Leaf anatomical characters wereprepared using free hand section method and observed under light microscope. The parameters measured were the thickness of leaf, cuticle, upper and lower epidermal, upper and lower hypodermal, palisade parenkim and sponge parenkim. Moreover the length of papillae and the amount of secretion cells were also measured.The data were analyzed using Anova two ways and LSD test with the corection levelα = 5%, After the anava analyzing, the correlation between antioxidant activity and anatomical datas were analyzed using regression correlation test. The results show that antioxidant activity of the seven species of Pandanus were obviously very low compared toquersetin. P. kurzii that was extracted with methanol had the highest capability to capture free radical with percentage of 37,18%. Moreover, the correlation among total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity and anatomical characters were analyzed using regression correlation test. The results show that total phenolic and flavonoid contents have positive correlation with antioxidant activity of methanolic extract. But, the compounds have no correlation with antioxidant activity of chloroformic extract. Positive correlation are also occur between the thickness of palisade and antioxidant activity of chloroformic extract. The last, there were positive correlation between the number of cell secretory and total phenolic content of methanolic extract, total flavonoid content of methanolic extract and total flavonoid content of chloroformic extract.

Kata Kunci : Pandanus, DPPH, kandungan fenol total, kandungan flavonoid total, Karakter Anatomi Daun