DISTRIBUSI DAN KEMELIMPAHAN KOMUNITAS MAKROBENTOS INTERTIDAL DI PANTAI DRINI DAN KRAKAL, D. I. YOGYAKARTA SERTA PANTAI PASIR PANJANG CAGAR ALAM PULAU SEMPU, JAWA TIMUR

Magdalena Putri Nugrahani, Dr. Tjut Sugandawaty Djohan, M.Sc.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Pantai karang di selatan Pulau Jawa sebagian besar merupakan pantai wisata. Aktivitas pengunjung seperti menginjak daerah intertidal dan pemanenan biota laut dapat mengganggu makrobentos dan merusak habitat. Penelitian ini mempelajari distribusi dan kemelimpahan komunitas makrobentos intertidal pantai karang mati yaitu di pantai wisata Drini dan Krakal, Gunung Kidul dan pantai konservasi Pantai Pasir Panjang, Cagar Alam Pulau Sempu. Penelitian ini dilakukan saat surut maksimum musim kemarau 2011, musim hujan 2012, dan musim hujan 2013 di Pantai Drini dan Krakal, serta musim hujan 2013 di Pantai Pasir Panjang. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode kuadrat plot 2 m x 1 m dengan transek memotong 2-3 zona intertidal. Pencuplikan makrobentos secara Stratified Random Sampling dan wawancara kepada pengunjung pantai. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa makrofita akuatik tersusun atas 29 spesies, coral 32 spesies, herbivor 33 spesies, predator 48 spesies, dan filter feeder 26 spesies. Kekayaan spesies bervariasi di ketiga pantai. Coverage relatif coral di Pantai Pasir Panjang paling tinggi 41%. Pantai Drini dan Krakal memiliki coverage coral rendah karena adanya injakan yang menyebabkan kematian coral. Coverage relatif makrofita akuatik di Pantai Drini dan Krakal tinggi karena tingginya nutrient dan rendahnya coverage coral di pantai tersebut sehingga meningkatkan kemelimpahan makrofita akuatik meskipun ada pemanenan makroalga. Densitas relatif herbivor (37%) dan predator (49%) di Pantai Pasir Panjang paling tinggi tinggi karena tidak ada aktivitas pemanenan di pantai ini. Densitas relatif filter feeder di Pantai Drini (58%) dan Krakal (36%) lebih tinggi daripada Pasir Panjang karena sedikit coral yang hidup, rendahnya kemelimpahan herbivor dan predator, dan tingginya nutrient di kedua pantai.

Most coral coastals in the south of Java Island are tourism coastal. Visitors activity such as trampling on intertidal area and harvesting of marine life could disrupt macrobenthos and destroy habitat. This research studied the distribution and abundance of intertidal macrobenthos communities of dead coral coastal that were Drini and Krakal tourist coastals in Gunung Kidul and Pasir Panjang conservation coastal in Sempu Island Nature Reserve. This research was conducted at the maximum low tide in the dry season of 2011, the rainy season of 2012, and the rainy season of 2013 in Drini Coastal and Krakal Coastal, as well as in the rainy season 2013 in the Pasir Panjang Coastal. The method used is least squares plot sized 2 m x 1 m, with transects that were cut the intertidal zone 2-3. Sampling of macrobenthos is done by Stratified Random Sampling and interviews with the coastal visitors. The results of the study revealed that aquatic macrophytes composed of 29 species, 32 species of coral, 33 species of herbivores, 48 species of predators, and 26 species of filter feeder. Species richness varies in all three coastal. The highest relative coverage of coral was in Pasir Panjang Coastal at the number of 41%. Drini and Krakal coastal had lower relative coverage compared to the other coastals because there was stepping or trampling of people which causes the death of the coral. Aquatic macrophyte relative coverage in Drini and Krakal Coastal was high due to high nutrients and the low number of relative coverage of coral in that coastals thus raised the abundance aquatic macrophyte despite there was macroalgae harvesting. Relative density of herbivores (37%) and predators (49%) in Pasir Panjang Coastal was the highest due to no harvesting activity in this coastal. Relative density of filter feeders in Drini Coastal (58%) and Krakal Coastal (36%) was higher than the Pasir Panjang coastal due to little number of living coral, the low abundance of herbivores and predators, and the high quantity of nutrient in both two

Kata Kunci : makrofita akuatik, coral, predator, herbivor, filter feeder