HUBUNGAN IKLIM KESEHATAN DAN KESELAMATAN KERJA, KEPUASAN KESELAMATAN, DAN PERILAKU AMAN PEGAWAI TERHADAP KECELAKAAN KERJA DI UNIT BERISIKO RUMAH SAKIT PKU MUHAMMADIYAH YOGYAKARTA

ARI WIBOWO, S.FARM., Prof. Dr. Achmad Fudholi, DEA., Apt

2013 | Tesis | S2 Mag.Manaj.Farmasi

Paradigma positif-optimistik melahirkan teori bahwa kecelakaan kerja dapat dipelajari, sehingga kejadiannya dapat dicegah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan dan pengaruh dimensi iklim K3, kepuasan K3, dan perilaku aman pekerja terhadap kecelakaan kerja. Penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan desain cross sectional survey. Digunakan instrumen pengukuran berupa kuesioner yang memuat empat variabel penelitian yaitu, iklim K3, kepuasan K3, perilaku aman, dan kecelakaan kerja. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas paramedis perawatan, paramedis non-perawatan, serta non-medis yang telah bekerja ≥ 1 tahun di unit berisiko. Dilakukan pula survei jenis bahaya di unit berisiko rumah sakit. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif, uji-T, anova satu jalur, korelasi pearson, dan regresi linear. Hasil survei jenis bahaya di delapan unit berisiko menunjukkan kecelakaan kerja terbanyak akibat bahaya umum (34,8%), ergonomi (39,6%), dan fisika (37,8%) terjadi di unit Gizi, akibat bahaya biologi (36,2%) dan kimia (34,5%) terjadi di IBS (Instalasi Bedah Sentral), sedangkan kecelakaan kerja terbanyak akibat bahaya psikososial (30,5%) terjadi di ICU (Intensive Care Unit). Uji-T dan anova menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan perilaku aman responden berdasarkan jenis kelamin (p=0,004) dan jenis pekerjaan (p=0,005). Terdapat pula perbedaan signifikan kepuasan K3 pada responden yang telah mengikuti pelatihan K3 (p=0,012). Analisis korelasi iklim K3, kepuasan K3, dan perilaku aman terhadap kecelakaan kerja menunjukkan hubungan dengan nilai koefisien korelasi antara -0,161 s/d -0,378. Analisis regresi ganda menunjukkan hubungan dan pengaruh signifikan antara dimensi iklim K3 dengan kepuasan K3 (R=0,591; R2=24,7%) dan perilaku aman (R=0,584; R2=23,7%). Meskipun pengaruh kepuasan K3 terhadap kecelakaan kerja hanya sebesar 14,3%, diperoleh nilai p < 0,05, sehingga model ini dapat diterima untuk menjelaskan kecelakaan kerja.

The existence of positive paradigm-optimistic spawned theories that occupational accidents could be studied, so that it can be prevented. This study aims to determine the correlation and influence of safety climate dimensions, safety satisfaction, and safe behavior of workers against occupational accidents. This research is analytical study with cross-sectional survey design, using a questionnaire that contains four variables, namely, safety climate, safety satisfaction, safe behavior, and occupational accidents. Respondents consisted of the nursing paramedic, the non-nursing paramedics, as well as non-medical and had worked more than one year at the same risk unit. Also conducted a survey to know type of hazard at risk units. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, T-test, one-way anova, pearson correlation, and linear regression. Results for the eight-risk unit shows most accidents caused by common hazards (34.8%), ergonomics (39.6%), and physics (37.8%) occurred in the nutrition unit, due to biological hazards (36.2% ) and chemicals (34.5%) occurred in the Central Surgical Installation, whereas most accidents due to psychosocial hazards (30.5%) occurred in the Intensive Care Unit. T-test and avona shows a significant differences in safely behaviors of respondents by gender (p=0.004) and job position (p=0.005). There are also significant differences in safety satisfaction on respondents who had been safety trained (p=0.012). Findings suggested that there was negative correlation between safety climate, safety satisfaction, and safe behavior against occupational accidents (r= -0.161 until -0.378). Multiple regression analysis showed a significant correlation and influence between nine safety climate dimensions with safety satisfaction (R=0.591; R2=24.7%) and safe behavior (R=0.584; R2=23.7%). Although safety satisfaction is only can revealed approximately 14.3% of occupational accidents variance, the value of p < 0.05, so this model can be accepted to explain the occupational accident.

Kata Kunci : iklim K3, kepuasan K3, perilaku aman, kecelakaan kerja, unit berisiko