IDENTIFIKASI GOLONGAN SENYAWASITOTOKSIK TERHADAP SEL KANKER T47D EKSTRAK KLOROFORM DAUNPiperspp.KOLEKSI KEBUN RAYA BOGOR

YUS HARGONO CAHYANING YUDI, Prof. Dr. L. Hartanto Nugroho, M. Agr.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Genus Piper secara tradisional dimanfaatkan masyarakat sebagai bahan obat. Piper aborescen, P. crocatum, P. Imperiale, P. longum, dan P. methysticum terbukti sitotoksik terhadap sel kanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi golongan senyawa sitotoksik terhadap sel kanker T47D ekstrak kloroform daun Piper spp. koleksi Kebun Raya Bogor. Skrining sitotoksisitas dengan MTT assay terhadap ekstrak kasar, fraksi gabungan dan hasil KLTP. Analisis golongan senyawa dilakukan dengan pereaksi semprot cerium (IV) sulfat, liebermanburchard, vanilin sulfat, sitroborat, dragendorff dan uap amonium. Ekstrak kasar P. porphyrophyllum memiliki rendemen terbesar (19,5%), bercak kromatogram terbanyak (memiliki minimal 10 senyawa), bercak berpendar paling banyak dan nilai IC50 paling rendah (522,1 μg/ml) dibanding sembilan spesies Piper lainnya. Nilai IC50 terendah pada fraksi gabungan A (IC50 36,22 μg/ml) dan daya sitotoksisitasnya turun setelah dipisahkan (memiliki kelompok senyawa yang bersifat sinergis) tetapi pada dosis 200 μg/ml masih membunuh sel vero hingga tersisa 36,38%. Hasil KLTP V merupakan senyawa sitotoksik potensial terhadap sel kanker payudara (T47D) dengan IC50 60,11 μg/ml dan selektif terhadap sel vero. Hasil reaksi semprot diketahui senyawa dalam hasil KLTP V termasuk golongan senyawa terpenoid dan alkaloid. Jadi senyawa alkaloid dan terpenoid pada hasil KLTP V dari P. porphyrophyllum merupakan senyawa sitotoksik potensial terhadap sel kanker T47D (IC50 60,11 μg/ml) dan selektif terhadap sel vero.

Genus Piper has been using traditionally as medicines. Piper aborescen, P. crocatum, P. Imperiale, P. longum, and P. methysticum have ability to inhibit breast cancer proliferation. This research goal is to identify of cytotoxic compound group against T47D cancer cell from chloroform leaf extract of Piper spp. in Bogor Botanical Gardens. Cytotoxic activity determined by MTT assay for crude extract, fraction and isolate. Syringe reagents such are cerium (IV) sulphate, lieberman-burchard, vanillin sulphate, sitroborat, dragendorf and ammonium vapor to identify their bioactive compound group. The result showed that chloroform extract of P. porphyrophyllum has highest recovery extract (19.5%), most variety chromatogram (at least 10 compounds), highest content of chromophore groups and lowest IC50 (522.1 μg/ml). Fraction group A has lowest IC50 (36.22 μg/ml) but their cytotoxic decresing by further fraction (shown that has synergies compound) and minimum dose 200 μg/ml could killed vero cell (normal cell) the rest 36.38%. Isolate V have potential active compounds (IC50 60.11 μg/ml) inhibit T47D proliferation and selectve for vero cell. Major active compound of P. porphyrophyllum was terpene and alkaloids. It could be concluded that terpene and alkaloids form isolate V of P. porphyrophyllum are potential cytotoxic compound against breast cancer (IC50 60.11 μg/ml) and selective for vero cell. Further research needed for group A fraction (IC50 36.22 μg/ml) that killed vero cell on 200 μg/ml.

Kata Kunci : Piper, Sitotoksisitas, Analisis Golongan Senyawa