COPING WITH FLOOD AND DROUGHT: THE GAPS BETWEEN LOCAL RESPONSES AND GOVERNMENT POLICY IN KARANGBINANGUN DISTRICT, LAMONGAN REGENCY, EAST JAVA, INDONESIA

Ratna Kumala Dewi, Ir. Leksono Probo Subanu, MURP, Ph.D.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Magist.Prnc.Kota & Daerah

Di Kabupaten Lamongan terdapat tempat yang mrupakan hamparan rawa bernama Bengawan Jero. Tempat ini dulunya berfungsi sebagai daerah resapan air. Setelah kemerdekaan Indonesia, pemerintah berusaha untuk memanfaatkan dan mengembangkan wilayah ini menjadi daerah pengembangan perikanan karena memiliki banyak air. Kegiatan pengembangan wilayah ini menarik banyak orang di sekitar untuk datang dan tinggal di sana. Mereka bertani padi dan ikan. Tapi di lain pihak, banyaknya pendatang yang membangun perumahan di pinggir sungai membuat mereka rentan hidup dengan banjir tiap tahun. Studi ini menjelaskan tentang adanya kesenjangan antara kebijakan pemerintah dan masyarakat dalam mengatasi permasalahan banjir. Studi ini berlokasi di Desa Waruk sebagai salah satu desa yang paling terdampak banjir dan terletak di wilayah Bengawan Jero. Bengawan Jero berpotensi besar untuk dikembangkan sebagai daerah perikanan. Masyarakat mendapatkan banyak keuntungan dan penghasilan yang lebih baik. Tetapi masyarakat harus menghadapi banjir tahunan. Dari pandangan pemerintah, banjir tahunan yang melanda wilayah ini adalah masalah utama yang harus dipecahkan. Sementara itu, masyarakat sudah memiliki mekanisme pertahanan dan adaptasi terhadap banjir. Saat ini, masyarakat juga menghadapi masalah kekeringan dan semakin memburuk tiap tahun. Mereka harus membeli air irigasi untuk mengairi sawah dan bahkan membeli air konsumsi sehari-hari karena air sumur sudah mengering. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pola tingkah laku masyarakat yang hidup di dekat sungai, dan terkena dampak banjir dan kekeringan; juga untuk mengukur dampak banjir dan kekeringan belakangan ini bagi hidup mereka. Dan juga untuk mengidentifikasi bagaimana kebijakan pemerintah saat ini membantu masyarakat desa Waruk menghadapi banjir dan kekeringan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan berbasis penjelasan deskriptif. Dalam penelitian ini diambil 51 orang responden masyarakat dan 5 orang responden dari pegawai pemerintah sebagai target grup penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat lokal sudah menyesuaikan diri dengan dampak banjir, seperti membuat lantai rumahnya lebih tinggi dari bibir sungai, memasang jaring ikan di sekitar tambak saat banjir, membuat ikan asap sebagai makanan cadangan dan membentuk HIPA sebagai organisasi penyedia air irigasi saat musim kemarau. Sementara itu, pemerintah hanya memiliki kebijakan dan bantuan pada masyarakat saat banjir. Pemerintah memberikan kebutuhan dasar seperti beras, mi instan dan selimut. Mereka tidak punya kebijakan untuk meminimalkan dampak kekeringan.

There is a place in Lamongan Regency, which was a stretch of swamp, called Bengawan Jero. This place was originally had function as water catchment area in the past. After The Independence Day of Indonesia, the government tried to utilize this area become fisheries development area because its content a lot of water. The development activities attracted people to come and live there. They do both fish and rice farming in different season. But on the other hand, the people who built their settlement near the riverbank, are vulnerable and affected by the flood every year. This study is about the gap between the government policy and local people who are affected by the flood. This study was located in Waruk village as one of the village which most affected by the flood and located in Bengawan Jero area. Bengawan Jero has a lot of potential resources as fisheries development area. The people take many advantages and can make better income for their live. But the people have to face annual flood which is happened every year. From the government point of view, annual flood is the main problem in this area. However, the local people have their own adjustment action to cope with flood in order to survive. Nowadays, the people also have to face drought problem and getting severe every year. They have to buy water during dry season to irrigate their field and sometimes they also have to buy water for their daily consumption because the water in the river already dried up. The study aims to analyze the attitudes and behaviors of people who are living near the riverbank and get affected by the flood and drought; also to asses the range of impacts of these recent flood and drought on their live, and to identify hor the current government policy assist the local people in Waruk village facing both flood and drought. This research used qualitative approach and descriptive explanatory based. There were 51 respondents from the local people and 5 respondents from the government official as the target groups for this research. This research conclude that the local people already coped with the impacts of flood, such as make their house higher than riverbank, installing fishing nets around their fishponds during flood, make smoked fishes as preserved food and created HIPA as water provider during drought.But when drought happened, they still can not cope with it. Meanwhile, the government only has policy and assist the people during flood. The government give basic assistance during flood such as rice, instant noddles and blanket. They did not have policy to minimize the drought‟s affects.

Kata Kunci : Local people, flooding, drought, coping strategy, government policy; masyarakat lokal, banjir, kekeringan, strategi penyesuaian, kebijakan pemerintah