PELAYANAN PENDIDIKAN BAGI KELUARGA MISKIN (KMS) MELALUI PROGRAM JAMINAN PENDIDIKAN DAERAH (JPD) DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA

FAJAR SIDIK, Prof. Wahyudi Kumorotomo, MPP.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Magister Administrasi Publik

Dalam penelitian ini mencoba menganalisis tentang implementasi program Jaminan Pendidikan Daerah (JPD) di kota Yogyakarta dan menemukan faktor-faktor apa saja yang menyebabkan implementasinya belum secara efektif mampu mencapai tujuannya. Dengan maksud, untuk mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan pelayanan pendidikan bagi para siswa keluarga miskin (KMS) yang diselenggarakan Pemkot Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian studi kasus (study case) dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Tempat penelitian dipilih dengan menggunakan dasar pertimbangan tertentu (sampling purpose). Subjek/informan penelitian yang digunakan sebanyak 22 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi, wawancara mendalam (indepth-interview), dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan, teknik analisis data yang digunakan meliputi reduksi (reduction) data, penyajian (display) data, dan pengambilan kesimpulan (verification). Untuk uji keabsahan data penelitian dengan teknik triangulasi data yaitu dengan mengcroschek/membandingkan data satu dengan data yang lain dari sumber data yang telah diorganisasikan, dianalisis, dan disimpulkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) mengapa implementasi belum efektif mencapai tujuannya, karena dari hasil penilaian keluaran (output) program yaitu akses, bias (menyimpang), cakupan (coverage), dan service delivery (ketepatan layanan) belum efektif dalam implementasinya. Kemudian, dari penilaian hasil (outcomes) program secara langsung dampak (I) dapat dirasakan target sasaran. Namun, pada dampak jangka menengah (II) belum efektif karena motivasi belajar dan prestasi belajar masih rendah. Begitu juga dengan dampak jangka panjang (III) masih menjadi harapan program. Sedangkan, (2) faktor yang menyebabkan implementasi program JPD belum efektif yaitu disebabkan karena faktor internal antara lain; (a) kurangnya pemahaman dan kejelasan pelatihan pendataan KMS, (b) tingginya subjektivitas petugas PSM (level street bureaucrat) dalam pendataan KMS dan (c) terjadinya inkonsistensi sosialisasi yang diberikan, (d) memiliki birokrasi compleck structure, (e) komunikasi dan koordinasi sulit dilakukan, serta (f) sumber daya manusia yang belum memadai. Sedangkan faktor eksternal disebabkan karena (a) terjadinya intervensi anggota dewan (DPRD) terhadap implementasi program KMS, (b) masih rendahnya kesadaran diri warga kota yang mampu, serta (c) KMS digunakan untuk mempermudah masuk Negeri.

This study is attempted to analyze the implementation’s of the Regional Education Assurance program (JPD) in Yogyakarta municipality and discover what are the factors that lead to effective of the implementation which is not been able to achieve yet. Furthermore, this study tend to describe and explain the educational services for the students of poor families (KMS) held by municipal government of Yogyakarta city. This research includes case study research with a qualitative descriptive approach. The places are selected by using sampling purpose. The informants in this study consist of 22 people. Data collection techniques used were observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques used include reduction of data, display of data, and conclusions (verification). The last, the validity of research data is tested with triangulation technique which is combined the relevant data from the source data that has been organized, analyzed, and concluded as well. The results showed that (1) why has the implementation not been effective reaches its purpose? It is because the results of program output assessments include access, such as bias (not on target), coverage, and service delivery, are not been effective during the implementation. Then, from the results of outcomes assessment program directly impacts (I) can be perceived target. However, in the medium-term impact (II) has not been effective because of the motivation to learn and learning achievement is relatively low. Meanwhile the long-term impact (III) is still a hope (planning) program. Second, (2) factors that cause JPD program implementation is not effective due to internal factors, among others: (a) lack of understanding and clarity KMS training of data collection, (b) the high subjectivity PSM officers (street level bureaucrat) in the data collection KMS, (c) inconsistency within the socialization, (d) The bureaucratic structure is too complex, (e) communication and coordination are difficult to handle, and (f) lack of human resources quality. While external factors are: (a) the intervention of Regional Legislative Members (DPRD) toward KMS program implementation, (b) The involving of non-eligible citizens within the program, and (c) KMS is used to make the entry of State becoming easier.

Kata Kunci : implementasi, program JPD, kota Yogyakarta