ANALISIS PREDIKSI TERJADINYA KARIES BARU pada ANAK BERDASARKAN FREKUENSI KONSUMSI PEMPEK DI PALEMBANG (Tinjauan dengan Pendekatan Cariogram)

Marlindayanti, drg. Sri Widiati, MPH.

2013 | Tesis | S2 K.Gigi Penc.& Promosi KG

Latar belakang: Penyakit rongga mulut yang sering diderita anak usia 6-12 tahun adalah karies gigi. Hasil penelitian prevalensi karies gigi di Palembang tinggi, Palembang dihuni penduduk asli dan penduduk pendatang yang masingmasing tinggal di wilayah tertentu. Kebiasaan penduduk asli mengkonsumsi pempek lebih dari 2 kali sehari. Pempek makanan khas yang dimakan bersama kuahnya (cuko), mengandung karbohidrat yang dapat meningkatkan risiko karies gigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prediksi risiko terjadinya karies baru, urutan prediksi berdasarkan frekuensi konsumsi pempek serta perbedaan wilayah dan frekuensi konsumsi pempek terhadap prediksi risiko terjadinya karies baru di Palembang. Metodelogi Penelitian: Merupakan penelitian kuantitatif observasional dengan desain cross sectional. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 305 anak dari 52 SD di Palembang diambil menggunakan tekhnik cluster sampling. Data diambil berdasarkan wilayah penelitian, pengukuran prediksi risiko karies baru menggunakan cariogram dengan cara mengumpulkan data berdasarkan hasil survey diet, DMF-T, kapasitas buffer, sekresi saliva, plak skor, program fluor dan penyakit umum. Analisa data menggunakan analisis parametrik dengan uji Anova. Hasil penelitian: Prediksi risiko terjadinya karies baru 65,72% termasuk kategori tinggi, kontribusi pempek 45,83% dari total konsumsi makan keseluruhan. Urutan prediksi risiko karies adalah kerentanan, pola makan, bakteri dan faktor lain yang berpengaruh. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada prediksi risiko karies baru antar wilayah dengan nilai p= 0,280 (p>0,05). Terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara frekuensi konsumsi pempek dan derajat prediksi risiko karies baru dengan nilai p= 0,000 (p<0,05). Tidak terdapat interaksi antara wilayah dan frekuensi konsumsi pempek terhadap prediksi risiko karies baru di Palembang dengan nilai p=0,904 (p>0,05). Rerata DMF-T responden sebesar 3,42 termasuk kategori sedang. Kesimpulan penelitian: Prediksi risiko terjadinya karies baru di Palembang 65,72 % kategori tinggi. Frekuensi konsumsi pempek tinggi berisiko terjadi karies baru. Urutan prediksi risiko karies baru kerentanan, pola makan, bakteri dan faktor lain yang berpengaruh. Tidak terdapat perbedaan wilayah dan frekuensi konsumsi pempek terhadap prediksi risiko karies baru di Palembang. Status karies di Palembang 3,42 termasuk kategori sedang.

Background. Dental caries are the most common oral disease in children aged 6-12 years old. Previous studies have indicated a high prevalence of dental caries in Palembang. The Palembang population consists of native people and immigrants living in their respective areas. Native peoples usually consume pempek twice a day. Pempek is a special food consumed along with its gravy (namely cuko) and contains carbohydrate that may increase dental caries risk. This study is aimed at investigating the risk of new caries incidence, the sequence of influential factors in dental caries based on the consumption frequency of pempek, and correlation between the regional difference and frequency of pempek consumption and the risk of new caries incidence in Palembang. Methods. This study employed a quantitative observational method with cross sectional design. The research subjects were 305 students from 52 elementary schools in Palembang determined using cluster sampling technique. The data were collected on the basis of the location of the study, while the cariogram was employed to measure new caries risk prediction by collecting data based on the diet survey, DMF-T, buffer capacity, saliva secretion, plaque score, fluor program, and general disease. Parametric analysis with Anova test was applied to analyze the obtained data. Results. This study found that new caries risk prediction was 65.72% (high), while the contribution of pempek was 45.83% out of the total food consumption. The factors in dental caries were susceptibility, diet pattern, bacteria, and other influencing factors. There was no significant regional difference in the new caries risk prediction with p = 0.280 (p>0.05). There was significant difference between the frequency of pempek consumption and the level of new caries risk prediction with p = 0.000 (p<0.05). There was no correlation between the regions and the frequency of pempek consumption with the new caries risk prediction in Palembang with p = 0.904 (p>0.05). The mean DMF-T of the respondents was 3.42 (moderate). Conclusions. The risk prediction of new caries incidence in Palembang was 65.72% (high). The high frequency of the pempek consumption caused the high risk of new caries incidence. The sequence of factors in the new caries risk was susceptibility, diet pattern, bacteria, and other influencing factors. There was no significant impact of regional difference in the frequency of pempek consumption on the risk prediction of new caries in Palembang. The caries status in Palembang was 3.42 (moderate).

Kata Kunci : Pempek, Frekuensi Konsumsi pempek, Prediksi Risiko Karies Baru