ENHANCING ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF FARMERS THROUGH URBAN AGRICULTURE: A CASE STUDY ON FARMER’S PERCEPTION IN KAMPONG MADE, SURABAYA – INDONESIA

Dian Festy Anggraine, Prof. Ir. Bakti Setiawan, M.A., Ph.D.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Magist.Prnc.Kota & Daerah

Adanya pembangunan dari tahun ke tahun menyebabkan menurunnya luas lahan pertanian. Hal ini bertolak belakang dengan meningkatnya jumlah kebutuhan pangan yang disebabkan oleh meningkatnya jumlah penduduk. Penelitian ini membahas tentang pelaksanaan pertanian perkotaan, terutama aktivitas yang berkaitan dengan upaya pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan bagi penduduk setempat serta peningkatan nilai dan harga produk pertanian tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kontribusi aktivitas pertanian perkotaan di Kota Surabaya dalam meningkatkan kondisi perekonomian petani serta menganalisis metode yang tepat untuk meningkatkan nilai ekonomis produk pertanian. Penelitian yang difokuskan di Kampung Made Kota Surabaya ini memiliki satu rumusan masalah utama, yaitu “Apakah aktivitas pertanian perkotaan mampu meningkatkan kondisi perekonomian petani? Bagaimana?” Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Untuk menganalisis data, digunakan analisis chi-square dan crosstab dengan bantuan SPSS untuk mengolah data kuisioner yang dikombinasikan dengan analisis hasil wawancara serta data-data sekunder. Dari hasil analisa diketahui bahwa petani memiliki akses yang mudah terhadap lahan. Disamping itu, keanggotaannya dalam KTMB memberikan peluang bagi mereka untuk mengikuti berbagai pelatihan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mereka. Dukungan dari institusi-institusi ini memegang peranan penting dalam keberlanjutan aktivitas pertanian perkotaan. Berkaitan dengan aspek fisik, petani juga memiliki akses yang mudah terhadap fasilitas pertanian. Adapun dalam aspek finansial, aktivitas pertanian perkotaan dapat meningkatkan pendapatan mereka sehingga mereka dapat memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya. Petani telah melakukan beberapa upaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas hasil pertaniannya mulai dari penggunaan pupuk organik dalam proses produksi pertanian hingga menemukan pasar yang tepat bagi hasil produksi mereka. Namun, untuk mempertahankan keberlanjutan aktivitas pertanian perkotaan, petani harus tetap memperhatikan dan mencari solusi bagi isu kesenjangan harga lahan perkotaan dan harga hasil produksi pertanian. Untuk itu, diusulkanlah beberapa rekomendasi kebijakan. Diantaranya petani harus lebih serius dalam mempertahankan apa yang telah mereka lakukan selama ini, serta memberikan merek (brand) pada produk mereka. Disisi lain, penguatan kelembagaan petani juga diperlukan mengingat peranan kelembagaan pertanian sangat penting.

Regarding to the development, the wide of agriculture land is decreasing year by year. It is inversely with the increasing demand of food because of the rise of population number. This research addresses the practice of urban agriculture which is focus on its activities in order to provide food especially for city dwellers as well as to increase the value and the price of agriculture products. This research conducted to evaluate the contribution of urban agriculture activity in Surabaya City in increasing economic conditions of farmers and to propose suitable methods in raising up economic value of agriculture products. The outcome of this research is to generate income through agriculture activity by recommend an approach to increase product value that possible to be applied in the near future. The study focuses on Kampong Made in Surabaya City. Main question of this research is “Does urban agriculture activity able to mounting economic conditions of farmers? How?” To deal with the objective, quantitative and qualitative approached are utilized to perform the thesis. Chi-square and crosstab using SPSS software is used to evaluate data from questionnaire combined with interview from different respondents and secondary data are constructed in order to analyze the data. Research finding in the term of natural aspect is farmers have easy access to land. Basically, farmers got their basic skills of farming by self-learning. However, their membership in KTMB gives them opportunity to attend many kinds of training that can rise up their skills. Support from institutions becomes main role in continuity of agriculture activity. Regarding to physical aspect, farmers have an easy access to physical aspect because they use certain equipment that is easy to get, and also KTMB help them provide equipment that might be not affordable for them. Finally, agriculture activity can generate their income and it makes them able to fulfill their needs as well. In order to ease economic issues, farmers have been accomplishing several approaches started from using organic fertilizer to increase the quality of the products, up to filling the market niches and finding different segments of consumers. However, in the future they should be more conscious about the discrepancy between the value of their product and the value of their land. There are several policy recommendations that can be proposed. The first recommendation is farmer can maintain what they have done before. In the near future, food branding can become alternative way and should be implemented more seriously. On the other hand, strengthening farmers’ association is needed to help farmers maintain urban agriculture activity since the role of farmers’ association is very important.

Kata Kunci : pertanian perkotaan, aset mata pencaharian, harga produk, nilai produk