FAKTOR PENENTU PENANAMAN MODAL ASING DI DAERAH (STUDI KASUS PROVINSI DI INDONESIA)

SAFAAT TRI WIDODO, Prof. Tri Widodo ,M.Ec.Dev., Ph.D

2013 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisa tentang faktor penentu regional masuknya Penanaman Modal Asing langsung di Indonesia sehingga bisa diketahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang berpengaruh dalam pemilihan suatu daerah/provinsi sebagai lokasi tujuan investasi. Model Tobit digunakan dalam mengestimasi faktor-faktor yang dianggap berpengaruh seperti ukuran pasar yang diproksikan oleh PDRB per kapita (LnPDRB), infrastruktur berupa panjang jalan (LnJALAN), biaya tenaga kerja (LnWAGE) dan modal manusia yang diwakili oleh angka partisipasi sekolah (EDUC) pada 33 provinsi di Indonesia selama kurun waktu Tahun 2008-2011. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ukuran pasar dan infrastruktur berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap masuknya Penanaman Modal Asing pada suatu daerah/provinsi di Indonesia. Sedangkan biaya tenaga kerja dan modal manusia tidak berpengaruh terhadap masuknya investasi langsung. Daerah/provinsi yang memiliki PDRB per kapita dan infrastruktur berupa jalan raya yang lebih baik menjadi lebih atraktif menarik masuknya investasi asing dibandingkan dengan daerah lain. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa motif mencari pasar (market-seeking) masih menjadi motivasi utama para investor asing yang melakukan Penanaman Modal Asing pada suatu daerah/ provinsi di Indonesia. Selain itu, kondisi infrastruktur di bidang transportasi juga dianggap sebagai faktor dominan yang diperhatikan dalam pemilihan lokasi investasi.

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is one of the important elements in enhancing the economic growth of developing countries, including Indonesia. The opportunities came from the economic crisis experienced by developed countries in Europe and the United States that increasing the volatility of capital flows to emerging market countries should be optimized by the Indonesian government. Issues such as lack of realization value of FDI infows (2% of GDP) and investment destination locations that are still concentrated in Java Economic Corridor demonstrates that goverment need more efforts for the improvement and equalization of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the regional determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Indonesia so w can know what are the factors that influence the selection of a region/province as an investment destination. Tobit models are used in estimating the factors that are considered influential as market size proxied by GDP per capita (LnPDRB), infrastructure in the form of a high ways (LnJALAN) , labor costs (LnWAGE) and the human capital represented by the school enrollment rate (EDUC) from 33 provinces in Indonesia during the period of year 2008-2011. The analysis showed that market size and infrastructure has positive and significant effect on the flows of Foreign Direct Investment in the region/province in Indonesia. While labor costs and human capital has no effect on the flows of Foreign Direct Investment in Indonesia. Provinces that have a GDP per capita and infrastructure such as better roads become more attractive for foreign investment compared to other regions. This suggests that the market-seeking orientation is still the main motivation of foreign investors who undertake an investment in the region/province in Indonesia. In addition, quality in transportation infrastructure is also considered as a dominant factor in the selection of investment location.

Kata Kunci : Penanaman Modal Asing, regional, tobit