PENGEMBANGAN KARIR PERAWAT TERHADAP PENINGKATAN MUTU PELAYANAN KEPERAWATAN PROFESIONAL DI RUANG RAWAT ANAK RSUP. Dr. M. DJAMIL PADANG

Neila Sulung, Prof. dr. Sunartini, Sp.A(K)., Ph.D.

2013 | Tesis | S3 Kedokteran Umum

Perawat merupakan salah satu profesi dalam dunia kesehatan. Sebagai profesi tentunya diharapkan bahwa perawat harus dapat memberikan pelayanan yang profesional sehingga para perawat harus memiliki kompetensi yang memenuhi standar praktik keperawatan. Diharapkan juga nantinya kinerja perawat yang profesional dapat memberikan kontribusi yang positif terhadap mutu pelayanan keperawatan dan pengembangan karir perawat. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini ditujukan untuk melihat pengaruh pengembangan karir perawat anak terhadap peningkatan mutu pelayanan keperawatan profesional di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil, Padang, Sumatera Barat. Action research digunakan sebagai rancangan penelitian ini yang berlangsung sejak bulan Mei 2012 hingga September 2012. Subjek penelitian adalah perawat yang bekerja di Ruang Anak, Bedah Anak, IGD anak sebanyak 75 orang dengan latar belakang pendidikan DIII dan S1 Keperawatan. Sebelum penelitian dilakukan, peserta kepala bidang perawatan, komite keperawatan, bidang pendidikan dan pelatihan beserta kepala ruangan diberi pelatihan preceptor dan mentor. Kemudian dilakukan sosialisasi sebelum melakukan intervensi kompetensi perawat anak kepada subjek penelitian. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mempergunakan kuesioner motivasi, manajemen SDM, kompetensi perawat anak, serta kepuasan pasien. Karakteristik subjek penelitian ditentukan berdasarkan pada pendidikan, pelatihan, pengalaman kerja dan umur.Analisis data mengunakan path analysis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perawat dengan latar belakang D III keperawatan sebanyak 93% dan 7%, tidak pernah ikut pelatihan 3 tahun terakhir adalah 53%, umur yang berkisar 20 -30 tahun adalah 51%. Pengalaman kerja yang terbanyak kurang dari 5 tahun sebanyak 57%, jenis ketenagaan pegawai tetap sebanyak 68%, dan kategori level karir perawat klinik (PK) 1 terdiri atas 1 dari 30 orang, PK 2 teridiri atas 15 orang, PK 3 terdiri atas 25 orang dan PK 4 terdiri atas 5 orang. Pada penelitian ini variabel yang berpengaruh terhadap karir perawat meliputi pendidikan, motivasi, dan manajemen sedang dengan nilai (p = 0.009). Sementara itu, variabel yang tidak berpengaruh terhadap karir perawat meliputi umur, pelatihan, dan pengalaman kerja dengan (p > 0.20). Di sisi lain, variabel yang berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap mutu pelayanan keperawatan hanya pendidikan (p = 0.039) dan pengembangan karir perawat (p = 0.000). Saat dilakukan intervensi sebanyak 2 kali terjadi peningkatan dari kompetensi perawat untuk masing-masing level karir dengan rata-rata 2.65. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa intervensi kompetensi yang dilakukan di Ruang Anak RSUP Dr. M. Djamil dapat meningkatkan kompetensi dan karir perawat serta mutu pelayanan keperawatan.

Nurse is one of the health professions in the health world. As a profession it is obviously expected that the nurse must give professional service, so that the nurse should have the competence to meet the standard of nursing practice. It is also expected in the future professional nurse performance can give positive contribution onto the quality of nursing care and nurse career development. Therefore, the research is aimed at finding out the influence of child nurse career development on the improvement of the quality of professional nursing service in RSUP Dr. M. Djamil, Padang, West Sumatera. Action research is used in this research, which took place since May to September in 2012. The research subject is nurses who work in child room, pediatric surgery, and child intensive care unit amounted 75 people with DIII and S1 nursing educational background. Before the research was carried out, the participants from the head of nursing section, nursing committee, education and training section, and the head of the room were provided with a preceptor and mentor training. Then, socialization was done before conducting intervention of child nurse competence to the subject of research. The data was collected by using the motivation questionnaire, human resource management questionnaire, child nurse competence, as well as patient satisfaction. The characteristic of the research subject was selected based on education, training, work experience and age. Path analysis is used to analyze data. The result of research shows that the nurse with D III nurse education amounted 93% and 7%, never participate in training in the last 3 years is 53%, age range 20-30 years is 51%. The nurse that has the most work experience of less than 5 years is 57%, permanent employee force type is 68%, and level category of clinical nurse career (PK) is 1of 30 people, PK2 is 15 people, PK3 is 25 people, and PK4 is 5 people. In this research the variables influence the nursing career are education, motivation, and management and the value is (p = 0.009). Meanwhile, variables which do not influence the nurse career are age, training, work experience with the value (p > 0:20). On the other hand, the variable that has significantly influenced on the nursing service quality is only education (p = 0.039) and nurse career development is (P = 0.000). When the interventions are given twice, there has been an increase of nurse competence on each career level with the average 2.65. It can concluded from the research that competence intervention that has been carried out in child care room RSUP Dr. M. Djamil can increase nurse competence and nurse career as well as the quality of service care nursing.

Kata Kunci : karir perawat, kompetensi, mentor preceptor, kualitas pelayanan perawatan anak