PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN ABU VULKANIK TERHADAP KUALITAS PUPUK ORGANIK KOTORAN SAPI

Antonius Apriliano L., Prof. Dr. Ir. Suharjono Triatmojo, MS.

2013 | Skripsi | ILMU DAN INDUSTRI PETERNAKAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan abu vulkanik sebagai bahan pembuatan kompos terhadap kualitas pupuk organik kotoran sapi. Bahan yang digunakan adalah jerami, kotoran sapi, kapur, abu dapur, abu vulkanik, EM4 dan molases. Penelitian ini terdiri dari tiga tahap, yaitu tahap pembuatan pupuk organik, tahap analisis kimia pupuk organik dan tahap uji biologis dengan penanaman sawi menggunakan pupuk organik. Pupuk organik dibuat dengan 5 perlakuan yang masing-masing perlakuan dibuat 3 replikasi. Perlakuan pertama dibuat tanpa menggunakan abu vulkanik (T0), kedua dibuat menggunakan 5% abu vulkanik (T1), ketiga dibuat menggunakan 10% abu vulkanik (T2), keempat dibuat menggunakan 15% abu vulkanik (T3) dan keempat dibuat menggunakan 20% abu vulkanik (T4). Parameter fisik yang diamati adalah suhu dan pH pengomposan. Parameter kimia yang diamati meliputi kadar air, bahan organik (BO), karbon organik (C), nitrogen (N), fosfor (P2O5), kalium (K2O) dan C/N rasio. Parameter biologi meliputi panjang akar, jumlah daun, dan berat kering sawi. Data yang diperoleh kemudian diuji statistik dengan analisis variasi rancangan acak lengkap pola searah. Perbedaan rerata perlakuan diuji dengan Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan abu vulkanik sebagai bahan kompos tidak berpengaruh pada proses pengomposan, masa panen seluruh perlakuan sama yaitu 35 hari. Kualitas pupuk organik berdasarkan kandungan bahan kimia berbeda sangat nyata pada kadar air, bahan organik, dan karbon organik (P<0,01), sedangkan untuk nitrogen, fosfor, kalium dan C/N rasio tidak terdapat perbedaan yang nyata. Uji biologis menunjukkan bahwa panjang akar sawi berbeda nyata (P<0,05), sedangkah jumlah daun dan berat kering sawi tidak terdapat perbedaan yang nyata.

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of volcanic ash as composting material on quality of cow feces fertilizer. The materials used were rice straw, cow feces, lime, rice husk ash, volcanic ash, EM4, and molasses. The research consists of three steps, those were the producing of the compost, analysis of chemical composition, and biological test by cultivating green mustard using the organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer was made with five treatments which each of them consisted of three replication. The first treatment was made without any volcanic ash (T0), the second treatment was made using 5% volcanic ash (T1), the third treatment was made using 10% volcanic ash (T2), the forth treatment was using 15% volcanic ash (T3), and the fifth treatment was made using 20% volcanic ash (T4). Observed physical parameters were temperature and pH during the composting process. Observed chemistry parameters were including: water, organic matter, organic carbon (C), nitrogen(N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O), and C/N ratio. Biological parameters were length of mustard root, number of leaf, and the dry matter of mustard. Obtained data statistically tested by analysis of variation of a one way complete randomized block design. The differences of mean treatment were tested by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. The result showed that using of volcanic ash as composting matter gave no effect on composting process. The composting process of all treatments took 35 days to be done. The quality of organic fertilizer based on chemical compostion has very significant difference in water, organic matter, and organic carbon (P<0,01), otherwise there were no significant differences in nitrogen, phosporus, pottasium, and C/N ratio. Biological test showed that there was significant difference in length of mustard root (P<0,05), but there was no significant difference in number of leaf and dry matter of mustard.

Kata Kunci : Kotoran sapi, Abu vulkanik, Pupuk organik, Kualitas