KEMISKINAN DAN KETAHANAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA TANI DI SUB DAS KEDUANG KABUPATEN WONOGIRI

AJENG AYU NABILLA MANDALA, Dr. Ir. Suhatmini Hardyastuti, M.S.

2013 | Skripsi | SOS.EK. PERTANIAN (AGROBISNIS)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui rerata aset manusia, natural, fisik, finansial, dan sosial di daerah lahan kritis dan non kritis, mengidentifikasi tingkat kemiskinan dan ketahanan pangan di daerah lahan kritis dan non kritis, menganalisis faktor yang mempengaruhi ketahanan pangan, mengidentifikasi keterkaitan antara kemiskinan dengan ketahanan pangan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Sub DAS Keduang Kabupaten Wonogiri yang ditentukan secara purposive meliputi hulu, tengah, dan hilir menggambarkan daerah lahan kritis dan non kritis. Jumlah responden 120 petani, dipilih secara acak 20 petani di setiap desa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aset manusia (umur, pendidikan, pengalaman bertani, jumlah anggota keluarga), natural (luas lahan, aset pohon), fisik (kendaraan), finansial (tabungan, perhiasan, ternak), sosial (solidaritas, kepercayaan dan kerja sama, resolusi konflik) di daerah lahan kritis sama dengan di daerah non kritis, sedangkan alat pertanian di daerah lahan kritis lebih rendah daripada daerah non kritis. Kemiskinan di daerah lahan kritis lebih tinggi daripada daerah non kritis berdasarkan kriteria kemiskinan Sajogyo, World Bank, Asian Development Bank (ADB), dan Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), sedangkan menurut kriteria kemiskinan BPS Kabupaten Wonogiri Tahun 2011 di daerah lahan kritis dan non kritis tergolong tidak miskin. Ketahanan pangan di daerah lahan kritis lebih rendah daripada daerah non kritis. Faktor yang mempengaruhi ketahanan pangan adalah pendidikan, luas lahan, jumlah anggota keluarga, pengeluaran pangan, dan pengeluaran non pangan. Kemiskinan dan ketahanan pangan saling terkait, rumah tangga kurang pangan dan rentan pangan yang tergolong tidak miskin cukup tinggi sehingga sewaktu-waktu dapat berubah menjadi rawan pangan apabila pasokan makanan tidak mencukupi kebutuhan.

This study aims to know human assets, natural, physical, financial, and social, to identify level of poverty and food security in critical and non critical land areas, to analyze factors affecting level of food security, to identify linkages between poverty and food security. The research was conducted in Keduang Subwatershed Wonogiri District, determined purposively covering upstream, midstream, and downstream which describes the land area of critical and non critical. The respondents are 120 farmers, randomly selected with 20 farmers in each location. The results show that human assets (age, education, farming experience, number of household), natural (land area, tree assets), physical (vehicles), financial (savings, jewelry, cattle), social (solidarity, trust and cooperation, conflict resolution) in the critical land areas are similar to the non critical, while agricultural equipment in critical land areas is lower than the non critical. Poverty in the critical is higher than the non critical areas based on criteria Sajogyo, World Bank, Asian Development Bank (ADB), and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), whereas according to the criteria of BPS Wonogiri District in areas of critical and non critical land not classified as poor. Food security in critical is lower than the non critical areas. Factors affecting food security are education, land area, number of household, food expenditure, non food expenditure. Poverty and food security are intertwined, percentage of vulnerable households within non poor households are found enough high where sometime the vulnerable household be able to change into insecure category if the food supply is not sufficient.

Kata Kunci : kemiskinan, ketahanan pangan, lahan kritis, lahan non kritis