PEMANFAATAN PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT (POME) SEBAGAI SUBSTRAT PERTUMBUHAN FUNGI HIDROLITIK DAN KHAMIR OLEAGINOUS PENGHASIL BIODIESEL
ISNA FAUZIAH, Prof. Dr. A. Endang Sutariningsih Soetarto., M.Sc., Ph.D.
2013 | Skripsi | BIOLOGIPalm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) merupakan limbah cair industri minyak kelapa sawit yang berpotensi sebagai substrat pertumbuhan mikrobia khususnya fungi hidrolitik dan khamir oleaginous karena mengandung protein dan karbohidrat tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memanfaatkan POME sebagai substrat pertumbuhan fungi hidrolitik dan khamir oleaginous penghasil biodiesel. Isolat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi fungi hidrolitik (strain ATH 2107, ATH 2147, ATH 2151 F2, dan ATH 2148 F1) dan khamir oleaginous, Candida sp. (strain Y09GS34 dan Y09GS48) serta Lipomyces sp. (strain Y09GS381) koleksi dari Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia. Pertama, dilakukan purifikasi isolat dengan teknik streak menggunakan Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) untuk fungi dan Yeast Potato Agar (YPD) untuk yeast. Seleksi isolat fungi dilakukan berdasarkan kemampuan tumbuh pada medium CMC cair. Pada interval waktu tertentu diukur menggunakan spektrofotometer (λ=600nm). Dua Isolat fungi dipilih dan ditumbuhkan kembali pada medium CMC cair, diukur aktivitas selulase dan gula reduksi. Isolat yang menunjukkan aktivitas selulolitik tinggi dipilih untuk diukur kemampuan tumbuh pada POME. Isolat yeast diseleksi berdasarkan kemampuan tumbuh pada medium CMC yang dengan atau tanpa N terbatas (1% CMC dan 2% CMC-N limited), hal ini untuk menunjukkan akumulasi lipid di dalam sel. Isolat khamir yang mengakumulasi lipid tinggi di dalam sel dipilih dan komponen dideteksi dengan Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Masing-masing isolat fungi dan khamir terpilih ditumbuhkan terpisah atau bersama sebagai kultur campur ditumbuhkan ke dalam fermentor, diinkubasi suhu ruang 15 hari. Setiap interval waktu tertentu, pertumbuhan diukur berdasarkan perubahan pH, gula reduksi, berat kering sel, dan total lipid. Lipid yang dihasilkan digunakan sebagai bahan dasar biodiesel. Biodiesel yang dihasilkan dibuktikan dengan uji pembakaran berdasarkan lama nyala dan warna api. Isolat fungi terpilih diidentifikasi berdasarkan analisis molekular (fenetik). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolat fungi ATH 2147 memiliki kemampuan hidrolitik tertinggi. Isolat khamir Y09GS34 mengakumulasi lipid tertinggi mencapai 63,75% per berat kering sel pada medium 2% CMC-N limited dan komposisi lipid meliputi asam palmitat, asam stearat, asam linoleat, dan oleat. Kultur campur mengakumulasi lipid tertinggi mencapai 88,274% per berat kering sel dan biodiesel yang dihasilkan lama nyala sekitar 247 detik dengan api berwarna merah kebiruan. Hasil identifikasi secara molekular, isolat fungi ATH 2147 mempunyai karakter mirip dengan Flavodon flavus yang bersifat lignoselulolitik. Dengan ini, dapat dikatakan bahwa POME dapat digunakan sebagai substrat alternatif untuk pertumbuhan F. flavus strain ATH 2147 dan Candida sp. strain Y09GS34 untuk menghasilkan biodiesel. Kata kunci
Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is a liquid waste of palm oil industry that it used as a growth substrate for microbial especially hydrolytic fungi and oleaginous yeasts because it were contains very high proteins and carbohydrates. The objective of this study was to utilize POME as a growth substrate for fungi hydrolytic and oleaginous yeasts to produce biodiesel. The isolates were fungi hydrolytic (strains ATH 2107, ATH 2147, ATH 2151 F2 and F1 2148 ATH) and oleaginous yeasts, Candida sp. (strain Y09GS34 and strain Y09GS48), Lipomyces sp. (strain Y09GS38), respectively collected from the Indonesia Institute of Science Selection. The first step of research was purification isolates through single cell culture (streak) technique using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) to fungi and Yeast Potato Agar (YPD) to yeast. Fungi isolates were selected based on their ability of growing on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) broth medium. At an interval of time, the growth was monitored spectrophotometrically (λ=600nm), measured based on the reducing sugars and crude cellulase activity. Isolate showing the highest cellulolytic activity was chosen for its ability to grow on POME. Yeast isolates were selected based on their ability to grow on different broth medium CMC and with or without limited N (1% CMC and 2% CMC-N limited), in order to their ability on accumulating lipid in the yeast cells. Yeast isolate having the highest lipid accumulation in the cells was selected and lipid components detected by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Each selected fungi and yeast were grown separately and together as a mixed culture in fermentors, incubated at room temperature for 15 days. At an interval of time, their growth was measured based on the change of pH, reducing sugars, dry weight cell, and total lipid. Lipid used as feedstock to produce biodiesel. Biodiesel produced was proven by fire tests based on its length and color flame. Selected fungi identified by molecular analysis (phenetic). The results of the research showed that strain fungi of ATH 2147 was demonstrate highest hydrolytic capability. The strain yeast of Y09GS34 had the highest lipid accumulation up to 63,75% per dry weight cell grown on 2% CMC-N limited and lipid composition consisted of palmitate acid, stearate acid, linolenate acid, and oleate acid. Mixed cultures produced highest lipid accumulation up to 88,724% per dry weight cell and biodiesel produced of length of flame up to 247 seconds with bluish red color. The results of the molecular identification, the strain fungi of ATH 2147 having characters similar to Flavodon flavus as lignocellulolytic. It could be concluded that POME were an alternative substrate for the growth of Flavodon flavus strain ATH 2147 and Candida sp. strain Y09GS34 to produced biodiesel.
Kata Kunci : Biodiesel, Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME), Fungi Hidrolitik dan Khamir Oleaginous.
