Perbandingan Kualitas Pertumbuhan Ayam Broiler, Kampung, dan Backcross3 (Gallus gallus domesticus Linnaeus, 1758) Berdasarkan Morfometri dan Struktur Histologis Ileum dan Otot Dada

ANINDYA S NINGTIAS, Ardaning Nuriliani, S. Si., M. Kes

2013 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Persilangan Pelung dan Broiler dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan ayam lokal. Parameter yang dapat digunakan untuk mengukur kualitas pertumbuhan ayam adalah morfometri serta struktur histologis usus halus dan otot. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kualitas pertumbuhan ayam Kampung, Broiler, dan Backcross3 (Gallus gallus domesticus Linnaeus, 1758) ditinjau melalui morfometri serta struktur histologis ileum dan otot dada. Ayam BC3 yang digunakan merupakan hasil persilangan antara ♀BC2 coklat x ♂F1 merah dan ♀BC2 coklat x ♂BC1 merah. Pengamatan dilakukan pada ayam umur 35 dan 49 hari. Ayam disembelih untuk diambil ileum dan otot dada. Ileum ditimbang, diukur panjang organ, dan diambil 1 cm bagian tengah untuk pengamatan histologis. Otot dada bagian kiri juga ditimbang, diukur luas area otot, dan untuk sediaan histolgis diiris dengan arah melintang terhadap serabut otot. Selanjutnya, ileum dan otot dada difiksasi dengan formalin 10% dan diproses dengan metode parafin. Pewarnaan H. E dan PAS-AB digunakan untuk ileum, sedangkan pada otot dada hanya digunakan pewarnaan H. E. Berdasarkan berat dan panjang relatif ileum pada ayam Kampung dan Broiler umur 49 hari sudah tidak mengalami perkembangan ileum, sedangkan pada ayam BC3 masih mengalami perkembangan ileum. Selain itu, ayam Kampung dan Broiler memilki rasio villus terhadap kripte lebih tinggi daripada ayam BC3. Jumlah sel Goblet ayam BC3 umur 49 hari lebih banyak daripada ayam Kampung dan Broiler. Jumlah sel Goblet ayam BC3 meningkat, sedangkan pada ayam Kampung dan Broiler cenderung menurun. Komposisi mucin (asam dan campuran) ayam Kampung dan Broiler pada umur 35 dan 49 hari tidak mengalami perubahan. Komposisi mucin ayam BC3 pada umur 35 hari terdiri atas asam dan campuran, sedangkan saat umur 49 hari hanya asam saja. Berat dan luas area otot ayam BC3 lebih rendah daripada ayam Broiler, tetapi lebih tinggi daripada ayam Kampung. Terdapat peningkatan luas berkas otot dan jumlah sel otot pada masing-masing ayam, kecuali ayam Broiler. Berat badan ayam BC3 lebih rendah daripada ayam Broiler, tetapi lebih tinggi daripada ayam Kampung. Berdasarkan hasil yang didapatkan pada penelitian ini, kualitas pertumbuhan ayam BC3 yang ditinjau melalui morfometri serta struktur histologis ileum dan otot dada lebih baik daripada ayam Kampung, tetapi belum sebaik kualitas pertumbuhan ayam Broiler.

increase growth performance of native chicken. Growth quality parameter which can be used to assess growth performance is ileum and muscle of chicken. This research was purposed to study comparison of growth performance between Broilers, Kampong, and Backcross3 chicken, based on morphometri and histological structure of ileum and breast muscle. Backcross3 used in this research was resulted from crossbreeding between ♀BC2 brown x ♂F1 red and ♀BC2 brown x ♂BC1 red. Observation was done in chicken aged 35 and 49 days. Chickens were sacrificed, to be taken its ileum and pectoralis muscle. Then, organs were weighed and measured to get relative weigh and length of ileum and pectoralis muscle. Also, square area of left breast muscle were measured. Formalin 10% was used to fixed ileum and pectoralis muscle. Paraffin method with H. E and PAS-AB staining used in this research. Based on relative weight and length, ileum development of Broilers and Kampong chicken aged 49 has been stopped, meanwhile BC3 was still continued.Villus-crypth ratio of Broiler and Kampong was higher than villus-crypth ratio of BC3 at 49 days. Goblet cell number on BC3 aged 49 days was more than Kampong and Broilers. In addition, Goblet cell number on BC3 was increases, while in Kampong and Broiler were decrease. Mucin composition (acid and mixture) on Kampong and Broiler did not change, while BC3 mucin composition was changed, from acid and mixture to be acid only. Weight and square area of breast muscle of each chicken group was increases. Equal with square area of fascicles and myofiber number on each chicken group, except, myofiber number on Broilers chicken was decreases. Body weight of each chicken groups was increases. Body weight of BC3 was lower than Broilers, but it was higher than Kampong. Based on result of this research, it could be concluded that growth quality of BC3 was better than Kampong chickens, but it wasn’t as good as growth quality of Broilers.

Kata Kunci : morfometri, Broiler, Kampung, Backcross3, ileum, otot dada